Duarte Ana Filipa, Picoto António, Pereira Altamiro da Costa, Correia Osvaldo
Centro Dermatologia Epidermis, Instituto CUF, Porto, Portugal, Portuguese Skin Cancer Association, Portugal.
Portuguese Skin Cancer Association, Portugal.
Eur J Dermatol. 2018 Jun 1;28(3):338-342. doi: 10.1684/ejd.2018.3290.
Incidence of skin cancer is increasing worldwide and UV exposure at a young age is an important risk factor.
To compare sun exposure-related knowledge and behaviour among children during school and holiday periods.
MATERIAL & METHODS: A cross-sectional study was undertaken at 12 Oporto public primary schools. Educational sessions for educators were head by dermatologists every spring from 2004 to 2012. An educational activity book, Play and Learn with Jo Spots, was distributed to all primary school children and was explained by the educators every year. A questionnaire about sun exposure and behaviour was given to students in 2004 and 2012.
In total, 2,114 students answered the questionnaire (1,233 in 2004 and 881 in 2012). Children practiced more outdoor sports in 2012 than in 2004 (86% vs 56%; p<0.001), but spent less time outside when the sun's rays were most dangerous. The use of hats (64% vs 59%; p = 0.028) and sunscreen (35% vs 15%; p<0.001) at school and the application of sunscreen before going to the beach improved over time (51% vs 26% in 2004; p<0.001). However, there was an increase in sunburn rate (43% vs 37%; p = 0.005).
Sun exposure-related behaviour among primary school students in Oporto is improving but is still far from optimal. School would appear to be an adequate setting for effective and long-lasting sun protection interventions, and the introduction of educational books at schools, such as Play and Learn with Jo Spots, might be effective in bringing about positive behavioural changes.
全球皮肤癌发病率呈上升趋势，年轻时暴露于紫外线是一个重要的风险因素。
比较在校期间和假期儿童的阳光暴露相关知识及行为。
在12所波尔图公立小学开展了一项横断面研究。2004年至2012年每年春季，皮肤科医生为教育工作者举办教育课程。向所有小学生发放了一本教育活动手册《与乔·斯波茨一起玩耍和学习》，并由教育工作者每年进行讲解。2004年和2012年向学生发放了一份关于阳光暴露和行为的问卷。
共有2114名学生回答了问卷（2004年1233名，2012年881名）。2012年儿童进行户外运动的比例高于2004年（86%对56%；p<0.001），但在阳光最危险时在户外的时间减少。在校使用帽子（64%对59%；p = 0.028）和防晒霜（35%对15%；p<0.001）以及去海滩前涂抹防晒霜的情况随时间有所改善（2004年为51%对26%；p<0.001）。然而，晒伤率有所上升（43%对37%；p = 0.005）。
波尔图小学生的阳光暴露相关行为正在改善，但仍远未达到最佳状态。学校似乎是进行有效且持久的防晒干预的合适场所，在学校引入如《与乔·斯波茨一起玩耍和学习》这样的教育书籍可能有效地带来积极的行为改变。
