Dubuc-Messier Gabrielle, Réale Denis, Perret Philippe, Charmantier Anne
Département des Sciences Biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, CP-8888 Succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, Québec, Canada and.
Centre d'Écologie Fonctionnelle et Évolutive, Unité Mixte de Recherche CNRS 5175, 1919 Route de Mende, Montpellier Cedex 5, France.
Behav Ecol. 2017 Mar-Apr;28(2):448-459. doi: 10.1093/beheco/arw148. Epub 2016 Dec 20.
Environmental heterogeneity can result in spatial variation in selection pressures that can produce local adaptations. The pace-of-life syndrome hypothesis predicts that habitat-specific selective pressures will favor the coevolution of personality, physiological, and life-history phenotypes. Few studies so far have compared these traits simultaneously across different ecological conditions. In this study, we compared 3 personality traits (handling aggression, exploration speed in a novel environment, and nest defense behavior) and 1 physiological trait (heart rate during manual restraint) across 3 Corsican blue tit () populations. These populations are located in contrasting habitats (evergreen vs. deciduous) and are situated in 2 different valleys 25 km apart. Birds from these populations are known to differ in life-history characteristics, with birds from the evergreen habitat displaying a slow pace-of-life, and birds from the deciduous habitat a comparatively faster pace-of-life. We expected personality to differ across populations, in line with the differences in pace-of-life documented for life-history traits. As expected, we found behavioral differences among populations. Despite considerable temporal variation, birds exhibited lower handling aggression in the evergreen populations. Exploration speed and male heart rate also differed across populations, although our results for exploration speed were more consistent with a phenotypic difference between the 2 valleys than between habitats. There were no clear differences in nest defense intensity among populations. Our study emphasizes the role of environmental heterogeneity in shaping population divergence in personality traits at a small spatial scale.
环境异质性会导致选择压力的空间变化，进而产生局部适应性。生活节奏综合征假说预测，特定栖息地的选择压力将有利于个性、生理和生活史表型的共同进化。到目前为止，很少有研究在不同生态条件下同时比较这些性状。在本研究中，我们比较了科西嘉蓝山雀（）三个种群的三种个性特征（处理攻击性、在新环境中的探索速度和巢防御行为）和一种生理特征（人工约束期间的心率）。这些种群位于截然不同的栖息地（常绿林与落叶林），且位于相距25公里的两个不同山谷中。已知这些种群的鸟类在生活史特征上存在差异，常绿栖息地的鸟类表现出缓慢的生活节奏，而落叶栖息地的鸟类生活节奏相对较快。我们预计不同种群的个性会有所不同，这与生活史特征中记录的生活节奏差异一致。正如预期的那样，我们发现不同种群之间存在行为差异。尽管存在相当大的时间变化，但常绿种群中的鸟类表现出较低的处理攻击性。不同种群之间的探索速度和雄性心率也存在差异，不过我们关于探索速度的结果更符合两个山谷之间的表型差异，而非栖息地之间的差异。不同种群之间在巢防御强度上没有明显差异。我们的研究强调了环境异质性在小空间尺度上塑造种群个性特征差异方面的作用。
