Oral juvenile xanthogranuloma in a child: Clinical, histological and immunohistochemical profile of a rare entity.

Juvenile xanthogranuloma (JXG) is a non-Langerhans cell histiocytosis (non-LCH) affecting normolipemic infants and children most frequently in the first year of life, often showing spontaneous regression within 3 to 6 years. Classic JXG is characterized by a yellowish asymptomatic papule or nodule, often located in the skin of the head, neck and upper trunk. Oral JXG has been reported, but is rare. Histologically, JXG is composed mainly of an infiltrate of macrophages with a variable degree of lipidization (foamy macrophages), and (most of the time) scattered Touton-type giant cells. Because of the rarity of oral lesions and possible variations in the clinical and histological presentation, the correct diagnosis can be challenging, requiring a careful clinical and histopathological evaluation with adjuvant immunohistochemical studies. Our review of the English-language literature disclosed 33 cases of oral JXG, including this case report. The purpose of this study is to present a new case of this uncommon entity as well as to review and discuss its main clinicopathologic features and immunohistochemical findings.