Baxter Mikayla F A, Latorre Juan D, Koltes Dawn A, Dridi Sami, Greene Elizabeth S, Bickler Stephen W, Kim Jae H, Merino-Guzman Ruben, Hernandez-Velasco Xochitl, Anthony Nicholas B, Bottje Walter G, Hargis Billy M, Tellez Guillermo
Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States.
Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States.
Front Nutr. 2018 Mar 23;5:18. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2018.00018. eCollection 2018.
This article is the first in a series of manuscripts to evaluate nutritional rehabilitation in chickens as a model to study interventions in children malnutrition (Part 1: Performance, Bone Mineralization, and Intestinal Morphometric Analysis). Inclusion of rye in poultry diets induces a nutritional deficit that leads to increased bacterial translocation, intestinal viscosity, and decreased bone mineralization. However, it is unclear the effect of diet on developmental stage or genetic strain. Therefore, the objective was to determine the effects of a rye diet during either the early or late phase of development on performance, bone mineralization, and intestinal morphology across three diverse genetic backgrounds. Modern 2015 (Cobb 500) broiler chicken, 1995 Cobb broiler chicken, and the Giant Jungle Fowl were randomly allocated into four different dietary treatments. Dietary treatments were (1) a control corn-based diet throughout the trial (corn-corn); (2) an early phase malnutrition diet where chicks received a rye-based diet for 10 days, and then switched to the control diet (rye-corn); (3) a malnutrition rye-diet that was fed throughout the trial (rye-rye); and (4) a late phase malnutrition diet where chicks received the control diet for 10 days, and then switched to the rye diet for the last phase (corn-rye). At 10 days of age, chicks were weighed and diets were switched in groups 2 and 4. At day 20 of age, all chickens were weighed and euthanized to collect bone and intestinal samples. Body weight, weight gain, and bone mineralization were different across diet, genetic line, age and all two- and three-way interactions ( < 0.05). Overall, Jungle Fowl were the most tolerant to a rye-based diet, and both the modern and 1995 broilers were significantly affected by the high rye-based diet. However, the 1995 broilers consuming the rye-based diet appeared to experience more permanent effects when compared with the modern broiler. The results of this study suggest that chickens have a great potential as a nutritional rehabilitation model in human trials. The 1995 broilers line was an intermediate genetic line between the fast growing modern line and the non-selected Jungle Fowl line, suggesting that it would be the most appropriate model to study for future studies.
本文是一系列手稿中的第一篇，旨在评估以鸡作为模型进行营养康复，以研究儿童营养不良的干预措施（第1部分：生长性能、骨矿化和肠道形态计量分析）。家禽日粮中添加黑麦会导致营养缺乏，进而导致细菌易位增加、肠道黏稠度增加以及骨矿化减少。然而，日粮对发育阶段或遗传品系的影响尚不清楚。因此，本研究的目的是确定在发育早期或晚期给予黑麦日粮对三种不同遗传背景下鸡的生长性能、骨矿化和肠道形态的影响。将现代2015年（科宝500）肉鸡、1995年科宝肉鸡和原鸡随机分为四种不同的日粮处理组。日粮处理分别为：（1）整个试验期采用基于玉米的对照日粮（玉米-玉米）；（2）早期营养不良日粮，雏鸡先接受10天的黑麦日粮，然后改为对照日粮（黑麦-玉米）；（3）整个试验期饲喂营养不良黑麦日粮（黑麦-黑麦）；（4）晚期营养不良日粮，雏鸡先接受10天的对照日粮，然后在最后阶段改为黑麦日粮（玉米-黑麦）。在10日龄时，对雏鸡进行称重，并对第2组和第4组的日粮进行更换。在20日龄时，对所有鸡进行称重并实施安乐死，以采集骨骼和肠道样本。日粮、遗传品系、年龄以及所有的二元和三元交互作用对体重、体重增加和骨矿化均有显著影响（P＜0.05）。总体而言，原鸡对黑麦日粮的耐受性最强，现代肉鸡和1995年肉鸡均受到高黑麦日粮的显著影响。然而，与现代肉鸡相比，采食黑麦日粮的1995年肉鸡似乎受到的永久性影响更大。本研究结果表明，鸡在人体试验中作为营养康复模型具有很大潜力。1995年肉鸡品系是快速生长的现代品系和未经选育的原鸡品系之间的中间遗传品系，这表明它将是未来研究中最合适的研究模型。
