Xie Fangming, Zhang Jianfu
Yuan Longping High-Tech Agriculture Co. Ltd., Changsha, 410001, Hunan, China.
Rice Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, 350018, China.
Rice (N Y). 2018 Apr 9;11(1):17. doi: 10.1186/s12284-018-0210-9.
Hybrid rice has been successfully used for commercial rice production for 40 years in China. Shanyou 63, a mega rice hybrid, derived from the parents Zhenshan 97A and Minghui 63, was a milestone for China's hybrid rice development and production because of its high yield and wide adaptability. It was planted in 16 provinces of the country on 17% of the national hybrid rice area annually during the 29 years from 1984 to 2012. The hybrid and its parents have also been widely used for basic and agronomic studies related to rice heterosis, stress tolerance, molecular markers and genomics. We review the development of the hybrid and its parents and their major characteristics for the purpose of learning from the history and guiding future hybrid rice development. The history and development experience show that a successful hybrid rice variety should have multiple traits, including high yield, wide adaptability, resistances to major diseases, and high rice quality that meets the demands of consumers. From the breeding aspect, hybrid rice provides the advantage of combining elite traits or genes from different types of parents, such as those from subspecies of indica and japonica, into a single variety. Farmers prefer not only a variety with high yield potential, but also stable yields and local adaptability.
在中国，杂交水稻已成功用于商业水稻生产40年。汕优63是一个超级水稻杂交品种，由珍汕97A和明恢63培育而成，因其高产和广泛适应性，成为中国杂交水稻发展和生产的一个里程碑。在1984年至2012年的29年间，它每年在中国16个省份种植，占全国杂交水稻种植面积的17%。该杂交品种及其亲本也被广泛用于与水稻杂种优势、胁迫耐受性、分子标记和基因组学相关的基础和农艺学研究。为了从历史中汲取经验并指导未来杂交水稻的发展，我们回顾了该杂交品种及其亲本的发展历程和主要特性。历史和发展经验表明，一个成功的杂交水稻品种应具备多种特性，包括高产、广泛适应性、对主要病害的抗性以及符合消费者需求的优质稻米品质。从育种角度来看，杂交水稻具有将不同类型亲本（如籼稻和粳稻亚种）的优良性状或基因组合到一个品种中的优势。农民不仅青睐具有高产潜力的品种，还看重产量稳定和对当地环境的适应性。
