Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
Biosens Bioelectron. 2018 Jul 15;111:18-26. doi: 10.1016/j.bios.2018.03.062. Epub 2018 Mar 31.
Long-duration space missions pose important health concerns for astronauts, especially regarding the adverse effects of microgravity and exposure to high-energy cosmic rays. The long-term maintenance of crew health and performance mainly relies on prevention, early diagnoses, condition management, and medical interventions in situ. In-flight biosensor diagnostic devices and medical procedures must use few resources and operate in a microgravity environment, which complicates the collection and management of biological samples. Moreover, the biosensors must be certified for in-flight operation according to strict design and safety regulations. Herein, we report on the state of the art and recent advances in biosensing diagnostic instrumentation for monitoring astronauts' health during long-duration space missions, including portable and wearable biosensors. We discuss perspectives on new-format biosensors in autonomous space clinics. We also describe our own work in developing biosensing devices for non-invasively diagnosing space-related diseases, and how they are used in long-duration missions. Finally, we discuss the benefits of space exploration for Earth-based medicine.
长时间的太空任务对宇航员的健康构成了重要的健康隐患，尤其是微重力和高能宇宙射线的不利影响。长期维护机组人员的健康和表现主要依赖于预防、早期诊断、病情管理和现场医疗干预。飞行中的生物传感器诊断设备和医疗程序必须使用少量资源并在微重力环境下运行，这增加了生物样本的收集和管理的复杂性。此外，生物传感器必须根据严格的设计和安全规定进行飞行认证。在这里，我们报告了用于监测长时间太空任务期间宇航员健康的生物传感诊断仪器的最新技术和最新进展，包括便携式和可穿戴生物传感器。我们讨论了自主空间诊所中新型生物传感器的前景。我们还描述了我们自己在开发用于非侵入性诊断与太空相关疾病的生物传感设备方面的工作，以及它们在长时间任务中的应用。最后，我们讨论了太空探索对地球医学的好处。
