Kardjadj Moustafa
Ecole Superieure en Science de l'Aliment et des Industries Agroalimentaire (ESSAIA), 01 Avenue Hamidouche El-Harrach, Algiers.
Vet Ital. 2018 Mar 31;54(1):1-12. doi: 10.12834/VetIt.928.4711.2.
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly infectious and contagious transboundary viral disease of domesticated and wild cloven-hoofed animals. Wide prevalence of FMD in Asia and Africa associated with huge economic losses to livestock farming and industry prompted global concern. The present review summarizes the state of the art research in epidemiology, diagnosis, and surveillance of FMD in the North African countries. Even if the situation varies across the North African states, FMD is still a key factor affecting livestock production in this part of the world. Historically, 4 serotypes have circulated in North Africa (O, A, SAT2, and C) with type O being the most prevalent serotype, followed by serotype A. However, the rapid spread of SAT2 lineages from Libya to Egypt in 2012 and the O lineages from Libya to Tunisia, Algeria, and Morocco between 2014 and 2015 demonstrated the need for a robust surveillance system to detect and respond effectively to exotic infections. Emergence and re-emergence of FMD virus genotypes/lineages have been detected engendering the need to replace vaccine strains quite frequently.
口蹄疫（FMD）是一种针对家养和野生偶蹄类动物的高传染性跨界病毒性疾病。口蹄疫在亚洲和非洲广泛流行，给畜牧业和相关产业造成了巨大经济损失，引发了全球关注。本综述总结了北非国家口蹄疫在流行病学、诊断和监测方面的最新研究状况。尽管北非各国的情况有所不同，但口蹄疫仍是影响该地区畜牧业生产的关键因素。历史上，北非曾有4种血清型流行（O、A、SAT2和C），其中O型是最常见的血清型，其次是A型。然而，2012年SAT2谱系从利比亚迅速传播到埃及，以及2014年至2015年间O谱系从利比亚传播到突尼斯、阿尔及利亚和摩洛哥，这表明需要一个强大的监测系统来有效检测和应对外来感染。已检测到口蹄疫病毒基因型/谱系的出现和再次出现，这使得需要频繁更换疫苗株。
