高血压患者对慢性肾脏病预防和早期检测的知识、态度及行为：一项来自巴勒斯坦的横断面研究
Knowledge, attitudes and practices of hypertensive patients towards prevention and early detection of chronic kidney disease: a cross sectional study from Palestine.
作者信息
Sa'adeh Hala H, Darwazeh Razan N, Khalil Amani A, Zyoud Sa'ed H
机构信息
1Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, 44839 Palestine.
2Faculty of Nursing, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan.
出版信息
Clin Hypertens. 2018 Apr 5;24:6. doi: 10.1186/s40885-018-0091-7. eCollection 2018.
BACKGROUND
Hypertension is the second most common cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Therefore, the aims of the study were to assess the knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) of hypertensive patients towards prevention and early detection of CKD, and to determine the clinical and socio-demographic factors, which affect the KAP regarding prevention of CKD.
METHODS
A cross-sectional study was held using the CKD screening Index to assess the KAP of 374 hypertensive patients who were selected from multiple primary healthcare centers in Nablus, Palestine. The CKD Screening Index is formed of three scales. First, the knowledge scale was a dichotomous scale of 30 items, while the attitude scale used 5-point Likert-type scale for 18 items and finally the practice scale was measured using 4-point Likert-type scale for 12 items. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to determine the association between clinical and socio-demographic factors and practices.
RESULTS
In total, 374 hypertensive patients participated in the study. The mean age of participants was 59.14 ± 10.4 years, (range 26-85). The median (interquartile range) of the knowledge, attitude, and practice scores of hypertensive patients towards prevention and early detection of CKD were 20 (16-23), 69 (65-72), and 39 (36-42), respectively. In multiple linear regression analysis, patients age < 65 years ( < 0.001) and patients with high education level ( = 0.009) were the only factors significantly associated with higher knowledge scores. Additionally, patients age < 65 years ( = 0.007), patients with high income ( = 0.005), and patients with high knowledge score ( < 0.001) were the only factors significantly associated with higher attitude scores. Furthermore, regression analysis showed that patients with higher total knowledge ( = 0.001) as well as higher total attitudes scores towards CKD prevention ( < 0.001), male gender ( = 0.048), and patients with normal body mass index (BMI) ( = 0.026) were statistically significantly associated with higher practice score towards CKD prevention.
CONCLUSIONS
Among hypertensive patients, higher scores for total knowledge and attitudes toward prevention, male sex, and normal BMI were associated with modestly higher scores for prevention practices. Finally the findings may encourage healthcare workers to give better counseling to improve knowledge.
背景
高血压是慢性肾脏病（CKD）的第二大常见病因。因此，本研究的目的是评估高血压患者对CKD预防和早期检测的知识、态度和行为（KAP），并确定影响CKD预防KAP的临床和社会人口学因素。
方法
采用CKD筛查指数进行横断面研究，以评估从巴勒斯坦纳布卢斯多个初级医疗中心选取的374例高血压患者的KAP。CKD筛查指数由三个量表组成。首先，知识量表是一个包含30个条目的二分制量表，态度量表对18个条目采用5点李克特式量表，最后行为量表对12个条目采用4点李克特式量表。采用多元线性回归分析来确定临床和社会人口学因素与行为之间的关联。
结果
共有374例高血压患者参与了本研究。参与者的平均年龄为59.14±10.4岁（范围26 - 85岁）。高血压患者对CKD预防和早期检测的知识、态度和行为得分的中位数（四分位间距）分别为20（16 - 23）、69（65 - 72）和39（36 - 42）。在多元线性回归分析中，年龄<65岁的患者（<0.001）和高学历患者（=0.009）是与较高知识得分显著相关的仅有的因素。此外，年龄<65岁的患者（=0.007）、高收入患者（=0.005）和知识得分高的患者（<0.001）是与较高态度得分显著相关的仅有的因素。此外，回归分析表明，对CKD预防的总知识得分较高（=0.001）以及总态度得分较高（<0.001）、男性（=0.048）和体重指数（BMI）正常的患者（=0.026）与CKD预防行为得分较高在统计学上显著相关。
结论
在高血压患者中，预防方面的总知识和态度得分较高、男性以及BMI正常与预防行为得分略高相关。最后，这些发现可能会鼓励医护人员提供更好的咨询以提高知识水平。
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