Al-Qahtani Mohammed, Tawhari Ibrahim, Alhmare Abdulaziz M, Badawi Abdullah S, Alsalem Abdullah, Gazzan Mohammed A, Hamdi Adel M, Rashid Abdullah, Alqahtani Ali M
Medicine, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, SAU.
Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, SAU.
Cureus. 2024 Feb 1;16(2):e53366. doi: 10.7759/cureus.53366. eCollection 2024 Feb.
Background and objective Given its ever-increasing burden, chronic kidney disease (CKD) represents a significant public health threat. CKD is characterized by a gradual alteration in the kidney's normal glomerular filtration rate, which results in the progressive loss of kidney function over a period of time ranging from a few months to years. Diabetes mellitus (DM) and hypertension (HTN) are well-known risk factors for developing CKD and end-stage renal failure. In light of this, this study aimed to assess the awareness, prevalence, and risk factors of CKD in patients with diabetes and those with HTN in the Aseer region, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Methods A correlational cross-sectional study was conducted among a sample of people across Saudi Arabia. The data collection was conducted via an online questionnaire circulated on social media platforms. The study questionnaire included socioeconomic and demographic information and medical history of DM, HTN, and CKD. Also, patients' awareness of and attitude towards CKD were assessed. Results A total of 301 diabetic or hypertensive patients fulfilling the inclusion criteria completed the study questionnaire. Of them, 174 (57.8%) were aged less than 55 years, while 127 (42.2%) were aged more than 55 years; 200 (66.4%) patients were males. A total of 94 (31.2%) study patients were diabetic, 64 (21.3%) were hypertensive, and 143 (47.5%) were both diabetic and hypertensive; 226 (75.1%) study patients had an overall good awareness of CKD while only 75 (24.9%) showed a poor awareness level. Higher awareness was associated with patients' age, education, and having CKD, DM, or HTN (p<0.05). Conclusion Our findings revealed that CKD was not common among study patients, and its prevalence was found to be less than estimated based on many studies in the literature. Also, diabetic and hypertensive patients showed a higher than satisfactory level of awareness of CKD, especially young patients with high levels of education.
背景与目的 鉴于慢性肾脏病（CKD）的负担日益加重，它已成为一项重大的公共卫生威胁。CKD的特征是肾脏正常肾小球滤过率逐渐改变，这会导致肾功能在数月至数年的时间内逐渐丧失。糖尿病（DM）和高血压（HTN）是导致CKD和终末期肾衰竭的众所周知的危险因素。有鉴于此，本研究旨在评估沙特阿拉伯王国阿西尔地区糖尿病患者和高血压患者中CKD的知晓率、患病率及危险因素。
方法 在沙特阿拉伯各地的人群样本中开展了一项相关性横断面研究。数据收集通过在社交媒体平台上发放的在线问卷进行。研究问卷包括社会经济和人口统计学信息以及DM、HTN和CKD的病史。此外，还评估了患者对CKD的知晓情况和态度。
结果 共有301名符合纳入标准的糖尿病或高血压患者完成了研究问卷。其中，174名（57.8%）年龄小于55岁，而127名（42.2%）年龄大于55岁；200名（66.4%）患者为男性。共有94名（31.2%）研究患者患有糖尿病，64名（21.3%）患有高血压，143名（47.5%）既患有糖尿病又患有高血压；226名（75.1%）研究患者对CKD总体知晓良好，而只有75名（24.9%）知晓水平较差。较高的知晓率与患者的年龄、教育程度以及患有CKD、DM或HTN相关（p<0.05）。
结论 我们的研究结果显示，CKD在研究患者中并不常见，其患病率低于文献中许多研究的估计值。此外，糖尿病和高血压患者对CKD的知晓率高于预期，尤其是年轻且受教育程度高的患者。
