Anderson Nathaniel E, Maurer J Michael, Steele Vaughn R, Kiehl Kent A
The Nonprofit Mind Research Network (MRN) & Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute (LBERI), 1101 Yale Blvd NE, Albuquerque, NM, 87106, USA.
University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA.
Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci. 2018 Jun;18(3):564-580. doi: 10.3758/s13415-018-0588-2.
Psychopathy is a personality disorder accompanied by abnormalities in emotional processing and attention. Recent theoretical applications of network-based models of cognition have been used to explain the diverse range of abnormalities apparent in psychopathy. Still, the physiological basis for these abnormalities is not well understood. A significant body of work has examined psychopathy-related abnormalities in simple attention-based tasks, but these studies have largely been performed using electrocortical measures, such as event-related potentials (ERPs), and they often have been carried out among individuals with low levels of psychopathic traits. In this study, we examined neural activity during an auditory oddball task using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during a simple auditory target detection (oddball) task among 168 incarcerated adult males, with psychopathic traits assessed via the Hare Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R). Event-related contrasts demonstrated that the largest psychopathy-related effects were apparent between the frequent standard stimulus condition and a task-off, implicit baseline. Negative correlations with interpersonal-affective dimensions (Factor 1) of the PCL-R were apparent in regions comprising default mode and salience networks. These findings support models of psychopathy describing impaired integration across functional networks. They additionally corroborate reports which have implicated failures of efficient transition between default mode and task-positive networks. Finally, they demonstrate a neurophysiological basis for abnormal mobilization of attention and reduced engagement with stimuli that have little motivational significance among those with high psychopathic traits.
精神病态是一种人格障碍，伴有情绪加工和注意力方面的异常。基于网络的认知模型的最新理论应用已被用于解释精神病态中明显的各种异常。然而，这些异常的生理基础仍未得到很好的理解。大量工作研究了基于简单注意力任务的与精神病态相关的异常，但这些研究大多使用电皮层测量方法，如事件相关电位（ERP），并且通常是在具有低水平精神病态特征的个体中进行的。在本研究中，我们使用功能磁共振成像（fMRI）在168名被监禁成年男性的简单听觉目标检测（oddball）任务中检查了听觉oddball任务期间的神经活动，通过《哈雷精神病态检查表修订版》（PCL-R）评估其精神病态特征。事件相关对比表明，与精神病态相关的最大效应在频繁的标准刺激条件和任务关闭的隐式基线之间最为明显。在包括默认模式和突显网络的区域中，与PCL-R的人际情感维度（因子1）呈负相关。这些发现支持了描述跨功能网络整合受损的精神病态模型。它们还证实了那些暗示默认模式和任务积极网络之间有效转换失败的报告。最后，它们证明了在具有高精神病态特征的个体中，注意力异常调动和对动机意义不大的刺激参与减少的神经生理基础。
