印度古吉拉特邦青少年学生心理健康的流行病学调查
Epidemiological survey of mental health in adolescent school children of Gujarat, India.
作者信息
Nair Sandhya, Ganjiwale Jaishree, Kharod Nikhil, Varma Jagdish, Nimbalkar Somashekhar Marutirao
机构信息
Department of Pediatrics, Pramukhswami Medical College, Karamsad, Gujarat, India.
Central Research Services, Charutar Arogya Mandal, Karamsad, Gujarat, India.
出版信息
BMJ Paediatr Open. 2017 Oct 25;1(1):e000139. doi: 10.1136/bmjpo-2017-000139. eCollection 2017.
INTRODUCTION
Mental health problems in adolescents are inadequately researched in low-resource settings. We aimed in this study to assess the prevalence of mental health problems and correlates in school children aged 13-17 years and compare differences between urban and rural schools in Anand District, Gujarat.
METHODS AND ANALYSIS
A cross-sectional study was conducted in five Gujarati medium higher secondary schools in Anand, Gujarat. Six hundred and ninety-three students with equal distribution of boys and girls belonging to 9th to 12th grades were included in the study. Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) was used to assess the mental health status of the students, and total difficulties scoring was used to categorise participants into normal (0-15) and high (borderline (16-19) and abnormal (20-40)). Socio-demographic data and Teenage Screening Questionnaire-Trivandrum (TSQ) were used to assess associated medical and psychosocial factors. Clearance was obtained from the institutional ethics committee before conducting the study.
RESULTS
15% participants had a high SDQ score. Girls had more emotional problems, while the rest of the mental health problems were more prevalent in boys. Rural children were found to have more mental health issues. Having an eye problem, scoring <50% in last annual examinations, failure in examinations, difficulties in studying at home and difficulties in relationships were associated with high SDQ score. Keeping physically fit and having friends were associated with normal SDQ score. Logistic regression model revealed that age, receiving punishment in form of more homework and difficulty discussing friends with parents increased odds of high SDQ score, while having friends and after-school entertainment like watching movies decreased odds of high SDQ score.
CONCLUSIONS
At least one in eight adolescents in this study was at risk of mental health problems. SDQ self-report questionnaire and TSQ survey may be used as a screening modality to identify at-risk students.
引言
在资源匮乏地区，青少年心理健康问题的研究尚不充分。本研究旨在评估13至17岁在校儿童心理健康问题的患病率及其相关因素，并比较古吉拉特邦阿南德区城乡学校之间的差异。
方法与分析
在古吉拉特邦阿南德的五所 Gujarati 中等高中进行了一项横断面研究。研究纳入了693名9至12年级的学生，男女生分布均匀。使用优势与困难问卷（SDQ）评估学生的心理健康状况，并根据总困难得分将参与者分为正常（0 - 15）和高风险（临界（16 - 19）和异常（20 - 40））两类。使用社会人口统计学数据和特里凡得琅青少年筛查问卷（TSQ）评估相关的医学和心理社会因素。在开展研究前获得了机构伦理委员会的批准。
结果
15%的参与者SDQ得分较高。女孩有更多的情绪问题，而其他心理健康问题在男孩中更为普遍。农村儿童的心理健康问题更多。有视力问题、上一年度考试成绩低于50%、考试不及格、在家学习困难以及人际关系困难与SDQ高分相关。保持身体健康和有朋友与正常的SDQ得分相关。逻辑回归模型显示，年龄、因作业多而受到惩罚以及与父母讨论朋友有困难会增加SDQ高分的几率，而有朋友和看电影等课后娱乐活动则会降低SDQ高分的几率。
结论
本研究中至少八分之一的青少年有心理健康问题风险。SDQ自填问卷和TSQ调查可作为识别有风险学生的筛查方式。
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