a Department of Health Technology and Informatics, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences , The Hong Kong Polytechnic University , Kowloon , Hong Kong Special Administrative Region , China.
b School of Medical and Health Sciences , Tung Wah College , Kowloon , Hong Kong Special Administrative Region , China.
Expert Rev Mol Diagn. 2018 May;18(5):433-441. doi: 10.1080/14737159.2018.1464393. Epub 2018 Apr 19.
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a kind of acquired disease that breaks down the immune system. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is the causative agent of AIDS. By the end of 2016, there were 36.7 million people living with HIV worldwide. Early diagnosis can alert infected individuals to risk behaviors in order to control HIV transmission. Infected individuals are also benefited from proper treatment and management upon early diagnosis. Thanks to the public awareness of the disease, the annual increase of new HIV infections has been slowly declining over the past decades. The advent of molecular diagnostics has allowed early detection and better management of HIV infected patients. Areas covered: In this review, the authors summarized and discussed the current and future technologies in molecular diagnosis as well as the biomarkers developed for HIV infection. Expert Commentary: A simple and rapid detection of viral load is important for patients and doctors to monitor HIV progression and antiretroviral treatment efficiency. In the near future, it is expected that new technologies such as digital PCR and CRISPR-based technology will play more important role in HIV detection and patient management.
获得性免疫缺陷综合征（AIDS）是一种破坏免疫系统的获得性疾病。人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）是 AIDS 的病原体。截至 2016 年底，全球有 3670 万人感染 HIV。早期诊断可以提醒感染者注意危险行为，从而控制 HIV 的传播。早期诊断也有利于感染者接受适当的治疗和管理。由于公众对这种疾病的认识，过去几十年来，新感染 HIV 的人数每年增长缓慢。分子诊断的出现使得 HIV 感染者的早期检测和更好的管理成为可能。
在这篇综述中，作者总结和讨论了 HIV 感染的分子诊断当前和未来的技术以及开发的生物标志物。
简单、快速地检测病毒载量对于患者和医生监测 HIV 进展和抗逆转录病毒治疗效果非常重要。在不久的将来，预计数字 PCR 和基于 CRISPR 的技术等新技术将在 HIV 检测和患者管理中发挥更重要的作用。
