Roy Sougata, Jagus Rosemary, Morse David
Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale, Département de Sciences Biologiques, Université de Montréal, 4101 Sherbrooke East, Montréal, QC H1X 2B2, Canada.
Institute of Marine & Environmental Technology, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science701 E. Pratt St., Baltimore, MD 21202, USA.
Microorganisms. 2018 Apr 7;6(2):30. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms6020030.
Dinoflagellates are unicellular protists that feature a multitude of unusual nuclear features, including large genomes, packaging of DNA without histones, and multiple gene copies organized as tandem gene arrays. Furthermore, all dinoflagellate mRNAs experience trans-splicing with a common 22-nucleotide splice leader (SL) sequence. These features challenge some of the concepts and assumptions about the regulation of gene expression derived from work on model eukaryotes such as yeasts and mammals. Translational control in the dinoflagellates, based on extensive study of circadian bioluminescence and by more recent microarray and transcriptome analyses, is now understood to be a crucial element in regulating gene expression. A picture of the translation machinery of dinoflagellates is emerging from the recent availability of transcriptomes of multiple dinoflagellate species and the first complete genome sequences. The components comprising the translational control toolkit of dinoflagellates are beginning to take shape and are outlined here.
甲藻是单细胞原生生物，具有许多不同寻常的核特征，包括基因组庞大、DNA不与组蛋白结合进行包装，以及多个基因拷贝以串联基因阵列的形式组织。此外，所有甲藻mRNA都经历与一个共同的22个核苷酸的剪接前导序列（SL）的反式剪接。这些特征对一些源于酵母和哺乳动物等模式真核生物研究的基因表达调控概念和假设提出了挑战。基于对昼夜节律生物发光的广泛研究以及最近的微阵列和转录组分析，现在人们认识到甲藻中的翻译控制是调节基因表达的关键因素。随着多个甲藻物种转录组和首个完整基因组序列的出现，甲藻翻译机制的图景正在浮现。构成甲藻翻译控制工具包的组件开始成形，在此进行概述。
