Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.
Program in Biological Science, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.
BMC Complement Altern Med. 2018 Apr 11;18(1):130. doi: 10.1186/s12906-018-2185-x.
Houttuynia cordata Thunb. and Phyllanthus emblica Linn. are native plants with medicinal and nutritive significance in Asia. The present study was aimed at evaluating antiproliferative effects on human cancer cell lines and identifying the phenolic acid composition of water and ethanolic extracts of the powdered formula of H. cordata fermented broth and P. emblica fruit.
Anticancer activity of the extracts was evaluated against HeLa, HT29, HCT116, MCF7 and Jurkat cells using an MTT assay and flow cytometric analysis of apoptosis induction and cell cycle arrest. Reverse phase HPLC was exploited for identification and quantification of some phenolic acids.
MTT assay showed that both water and ethanolic extracts significantly decreased the viability of cancer cells in a dose- and time-dependent fashion. Based on the IC values, ethanolic extract (IC values = 0.12-0.65 mg/mL) was more cytotoxic than water extract (IC values = 0.22-0.85 mg/mL) and Jurkat cells were the most sensitive to both extracts (IC values = 0.12-0.69 mg/mL). The underlying mechanism for antiproliferative activity was apoptosis induction, especially in HT29, HCT116, MCF7 and Jurkat cells. HT29 cells were the most sensitive to extract-induced apoptosis. Ethanolic extract was more effective at inducing apoptosis than water extract. Moreover, cell cycle arrest was found to be another mechanism behind growth inhibition in Jurkat and HCT116 cells. However, these extracts were relatively less toxic to non-cancer Vero cells. HPLC analysis demonstrated that the powder mix extracts contained seven identified phenolic acids namely gallic, p-hydroxybenzoic, vanillic, syringic, p-coumaric, ferulic and sinapinic acids, where p-coumaric acid was detected in the highest concentration followed by ferulic acid.
Overall, the results of this study suggest the powdered formula of H. cordata fermented broth and P. emblica fruit as an alternative medicine for cancer prevention and treatment.
鱼腥草和余甘子是亚洲地区具有药用和营养价值的本土植物。本研究旨在评估其对人类癌细胞系的增殖抑制作用，并鉴定鱼腥草发酵液和余甘子果水提物和醇提物的酚酸组成。
采用 MTT 法和流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡和细胞周期阻滞，评价提取物对 HeLa、HT29、HCT116、MCF7 和 Jurkat 细胞的抗癌活性。采用反相高效液相色谱法鉴定和定量分析部分酚酸。
MTT 法结果表明，水提物和醇提物均能显著降低癌细胞的活力，且呈剂量和时间依赖性。根据 IC 值，醇提物（IC 值=0.12-0.65 mg/mL）比水提物（IC 值=0.22-0.85 mg/mL）更具细胞毒性，且 Jurkat 细胞对两种提取物均最敏感（IC 值=0.12-0.69 mg/mL）。增殖抑制活性的潜在机制是诱导细胞凋亡，特别是在 HT29、HCT116、MCF7 和 Jurkat 细胞中。HT29 细胞对提取物诱导的凋亡最敏感。醇提物比水提物更能有效地诱导细胞凋亡。此外，在 Jurkat 和 HCT116 细胞中，还发现细胞周期阻滞是生长抑制的另一种机制。然而，这些提取物对非癌细胞 Vero 细胞的毒性相对较低。HPLC 分析表明，该粉末混合物提取物含有 7 种鉴定出的酚酸，分别为没食子酸、对羟基苯甲酸、香草酸、丁香酸、对香豆酸、阿魏酸和芥子酸，其中对香豆酸的含量最高，其次是阿魏酸。
综上所述，本研究结果表明，鱼腥草发酵液和余甘子果粉可作为预防和治疗癌症的替代药物。
