Mackenzie Jay-Marie, Borrill Jo, Hawkins Emily, Fields Bob, Kruger Ian, Noonan Ian, Marzano Lisa
Department of Psychology, University of Westminster, London, UK.
Department of Mental Health, King's College London School of Medical Education, London, UK.
BMJ Open. 2018 Apr 10;8(4):e021076. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-021076.
Suicides by train have devastating consequences for families, the rail industry, staff dealing with the aftermath of such incidents and potential witnesses. To reduce suicides and suicide attempts by rail, it is important to learn how safe interventions can be made. However, very little is known about how to identify someone who may be about to make a suicide attempt at a railway location (including underground/subways). The current research employed a novel way of understanding what behaviours might immediately precede a suicide or suicide attempt at these locations.
A qualitative thematic approach was used for three parallel studies. Data were gathered from several sources, including interviews with individuals who survived a rail suicide attempt (n=9), CCTV footage of individuals who died by rail suicide (n=16) and qualitative survey data providing views from rail staff (n=79).
Our research suggests that there are several behaviours that people may carry out before a suicide or suicide attempt at a rail location, including station hopping and platform switching, limiting contact with others, positioning themselves at the end of the track where the train/tube approaches, allowing trains to pass by and carrying out repetitive behaviours.
There are several behaviours that may be identifiable in the moments leading up to a suicide or suicide attempt on the railways which may present opportunities for intervention. These findings have implications for several stakeholders, including rail providers, transport police and other organisations focused on suicide prevention.
铁路自杀事件对家庭、铁路行业、处理此类事件后果的工作人员以及潜在目击者都会造成毁灭性影响。为减少铁路自杀及自杀未遂事件，了解如何进行安全干预非常重要。然而，对于如何识别可能在铁路场所（包括地铁）企图自杀的人，我们知之甚少。当前的研究采用了一种新颖的方式来理解在这些场所自杀或自杀未遂之前可能会出现哪些行为。
采用定性主题方法进行了三项平行研究。数据来自多个来源，包括对铁路自杀未遂幸存者（n = 9）的访谈、铁路自杀死亡者的闭路电视录像（n = 16）以及提供铁路工作人员观点的定性调查数据（n = 79）。
我们的研究表明，人们在铁路场所自杀或自杀未遂之前可能会有几种行为，包括频繁换乘车站、在站台间来回走动、减少与他人接触、站在列车/地铁驶来方向的轨道尽头、让列车驶过以及重复某些行为。
在铁路自杀或自杀未遂之前的时刻，可能会识别出几种行为，这可能为干预提供机会。这些发现对包括铁路运营方、交通警察和其他专注于自杀预防的组织在内的多个利益相关者都有启示。
