Taylor Anna K, Knipe Duleeka W, Thomas Kyla H
School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Address-School of Social and Community Medicine, 39 Whatley Road, Bristol, BS8 2PS, UK.
BMC Public Health. 2016 Mar 15;16:270. doi: 10.1186/s12889-016-2944-x.
In 2010, the "Tackling Suicide on the Railways" programme was launched as a joint initiative among Network Rail, the Samaritans and other key organisations such as the British Transport Police and train operators to achieve a 20% reduction in railway suicides from 2010 to 2015 in Great Britain. We report the most recent age and sex specific trends in railway suicide in England and Wales from 2000 to 2013 and examine whether the initiative's target reduction in railway suicides is likely to be achieved.
Population data and suicide mortality data (all methods combined and railway) for England and Wales were obtained from the Office for National Statistics (ONS) and used to calculate age and gender specific rates for deaths registered from 2000 to 2013. Data on railway suicides were also obtained from the Rail Safety and Standards Board (RSSB) and compared with ONS data. We used joinpoint regression to identify changes in suicide trends across the study period.
The railway was used in 4.1% of all suicides in England and Wales (RSSB data were similar to ONS data for most years). Suicides in all persons from all causes decreased from 2000 to 2007, with small increases from 2008 until 2013; this rise was entirely due to an increase in male suicides. Railway suicide rates increased over the entire study period; the proportion of railway suicides in all persons increased from 3.5 to 4.9% during the study period. This trend was also mainly driven by increases in male suicides as female railway suicide rates remained steady over time. The highest age specific railway suicide rates were observed in middle aged men and women. Although there was no conclusive evidence of an increase in ONS railway suicides, RSSB data showed a statistically significant increase in railway suicides in males from 2009 onwards.
The continued rise in male railway suicide in England and Wales is concerning, particularly due to the high economic costs and psychological trauma associated with these deaths. The initiative's target of a 20% reduction in railway suicide is unlikely to be achieved.
2010年，“铁路自杀防治”计划作为网络铁路公司、撒玛利亚会以及英国交通警察和火车运营商等其他关键组织的联合倡议而启动，目标是在2010年至2015年期间使英国铁路自杀事件减少20%。我们报告了2000年至2013年英格兰和威尔士铁路自杀事件中最新的年龄和性别特定趋势，并研究该倡议在铁路自杀事件上设定的减少目标是否有可能实现。
从英国国家统计局（ONS）获取英格兰和威尔士的人口数据和自杀死亡率数据（所有方法合并及铁路自杀数据），并用于计算2000年至2013年登记死亡的年龄和性别特定比率。铁路自杀数据也从铁路安全与标准委员会（RSSB）获取，并与ONS数据进行比较。我们使用连接点回归来确定整个研究期间自杀趋势的变化。
在英格兰和威尔士，所有自杀事件中有4.1%发生在铁路上（在大多数年份，RSSB数据与ONS数据相似）。从2000年到2007年，所有原因导致的所有人自杀事件减少，从2008年到2013年有小幅上升；这种上升完全是由于男性自杀事件的增加。在整个研究期间，铁路自杀率上升；在研究期间，铁路自杀在所有人自杀事件中的比例从3.5%增加到4.9%。这一趋势也主要是由男性自杀事件的增加推动的，因为女性铁路自杀率随时间保持稳定。中年男性和女性的铁路自杀年龄特定率最高。尽管没有确凿证据表明ONS记录的铁路自杀事件有所增加，但RSSB数据显示，从2009年起，男性铁路自杀事件在统计学上有显著增加。
英格兰和威尔士男性铁路自杀事件持续增加令人担忧，特别是考虑到这些死亡事件带来的高昂经济成本和心理创伤。该倡议将铁路自杀事件减少20%的目标不太可能实现。
