a Norwegian Centre for Violence and Traumatic Stress Studies , Oslo , Norway.
b Faculty of Medicine , Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo , Oslo , Norway.
Disabil Rehabil. 2019 Sep;41(18):2111-2118. doi: 10.1080/09638288.2018.1459884. Epub 2018 Apr 12.
To conduct a systematic review of post-traumatic stress reactions among individuals with visual impairment (VI). Qualitative and quantitative studies were identified through searches in MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Web of Science, and Cochrane Libraries. The literature search was limited to humans, of English and Scandinavian languages and publication year between 1980 and 2017. Study quality was assessed for all the included studies and extracted data were synthesized using narrative analysis. Of 4235 records identified through literature search, eleven were included in the analyses. Results from the qualitative studies illustrated multiple physical, behavioral, emotional, and cognitive manifestations of trauma. Four out of five quantitative studies showed that various types of potentially traumatic events were significantly associated with mental health adversities ( < 0.05). The prevalence of post-traumatic mental disorders was 4-21.2% for depression, 0.9% for dysthymia, and 32% for substance misuse. The quality of the reviewed studies was considered low to moderate. Traumatic experiences appear to have a great impact on the mental health in people with visual impairment (VI) and these results highlight their need for mental health care. Future studies with higher methodological rigor are recommended. Implications for rehabilitation Visual impairment entails a greater susceptibility to some types of potentially traumatic events, especially threats in everyday life. This calls for a greater emphasis on safe community environments and universal design in public spaces. In rehabilitation after serious accidents or potentially traumatic events, professionals working with people with vision impairment should be aware of the different manifestations of post-traumatic stress responses and that some stress responses may cause additional disability. The high prevalence of traumatic events and their impact on mental health in individuals with visual impairments highlights a need of mental health care.
对视觉障碍个体（VI）的创伤后应激反应进行系统回顾。通过在 MEDLINE、EMBASE、PsycINFO、CINAHL、Web of Science 和 Cochrane Libraries 中进行检索，确定了定性和定量研究。文献检索仅限于人类、英语和斯堪的纳维亚语，以及 1980 年至 2017 年的出版年份。对所有纳入研究进行了研究质量评估，并使用叙述性分析综合了提取的数据。通过文献检索确定了 4235 条记录，其中 11 条纳入分析。定性研究的结果说明了创伤的多种身体、行为、情感和认知表现。五项定量研究中有四项表明，各种类型的潜在创伤性事件与心理健康障碍显著相关（<0.05）。创伤后精神障碍的患病率为抑郁 4-21.2%，心境恶劣 0.9%，物质滥用 32%。综述研究的质量被认为是低到中等。创伤经历似乎对视觉障碍（VI）人群的心理健康有很大影响，这些结果强调了他们对心理健康护理的需求。建议进行具有更高方法学严谨性的未来研究。康复的意义 视觉障碍使某些类型的潜在创伤性事件更容易发生，特别是日常生活中的威胁。这就需要更加重视安全的社区环境和公共场所的通用设计。在严重事故或潜在创伤性事件后的康复中，与视力障碍者合作的专业人员应意识到创伤后应激反应的不同表现，以及一些应激反应可能会导致额外的残疾。视觉障碍个体中创伤事件的高发生率及其对心理健康的影响突出了心理健康护理的需求。
