Higgins Bethany, Taylor Deanna, Crabb David, Callaghan Tamsin
Optometry and Visual Sciences, School of Health & Psychological Sciences, City, University of London, London, UK.
NIHR Royal Free Clinical Research Facility, Research and Development, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, 02/62, Second Floor, Clinic Block, Royal Free Hospital, Pond Street, London NW3 2QG, UK.
Ther Adv Ophthalmol. 2024 Sep 26;16:25158414241275444. doi: 10.1177/25158414241275444. eCollection 2024 Jan-Dec.
Charles Bonnet syndrome (CBS) is a condition characterised by the occurrence of vivid and complex visual hallucinations in individuals with visual impairment.
To explore the relationship between emotional distress and the perceived impact of CBS symptoms on participants' lives. We tested the hypothesis that heightened negative affect was associated with a more negative appraisal of CBS symptoms, increased self-reported loneliness, and poorer quality of life (QOL).
Cross-sectional.
Participants recruited predominantly via vision-related charities rated their hallucinations and their impact on a Likert scale. Loneliness and negative affect were assessed with the Three-Item Loneliness Scale and Positive and Negative Affect Schedule. Health index (EQ-5D-3L) and vision-related QOL (VF-9) were also assessed. Correlation analysis and multi-variable regression determined the relation between survey responses.
The majority of 126 respondents (81%) were aged 65+ years and 84% reported active CBS symptoms. Fifty-five percent of respondents rated impact of CBS as negative and no-one rated the impact as 'very pleasant'. A statistically significant correlation was found between impact of CBS and negative affect ( ⩽ 0.001; rho = -0.34) and impact of CBS and loneliness ( = 0.017; rho = -0.21). The relation between negative affect and CBS impact remained statistically significant when accounting for the impact of loneliness and the relationship between loneliness and CBS effect ( = 0.002, adj = 0.1). A statistically significant correlation between loneliness and negative affect ( ⩽ 0.001; rho = 0.55) was also found.
Respondents experiencing negative emotions were more likely to perceive the impact of CBS symptoms as negative and report greater feelings of loneliness. Negative affect is an important consideration when assessing people with CBS.
查尔斯·邦尼特综合征（CBS）是一种在视力障碍者中出现生动而复杂视幻觉的病症。
探讨情绪困扰与CBS症状对参与者生活的感知影响之间的关系。我们检验了以下假设：负面情绪增强与对CBS症状的更负面评价、自我报告的孤独感增加以及生活质量较差相关。
横断面研究。
主要通过与视力相关的慈善机构招募参与者，他们用李克特量表对幻觉及其影响进行评分。用三项孤独量表以及正负性情绪量表评估孤独感和负面情绪。还评估了健康指数（EQ - 5D - 3L）和与视力相关的生活质量（VF - 9）。相关性分析和多变量回归确定了调查结果之间的关系。
126名受访者中大多数（81%）年龄在65岁及以上，84%报告有活跃的CBS症状。55%的受访者将CBS的影响评为负面，没有人将其影响评为“非常愉快”。发现CBS的影响与负面情绪之间存在统计学显著相关性（⩽0.001；rho = - 0.34），以及CBS的影响与孤独感之间存在相关性（= 0.017；rho = - 0.21）。在考虑孤独感的影响以及孤独感与CBS影响之间的关系时，负面情绪与CBS影响之间的关系仍然具有统计学显著性（= 0.002，调整后= 0.1）。还发现孤独感与负面情绪之间存在统计学显著相关性（⩽0.001；rho = 0.55）。
经历负面情绪的受访者更有可能将CBS症状的影响视为负面，并报告有更强烈的孤独感。在评估CBS患者时，负面情绪是一个重要的考虑因素。
