Jolly R
UNICEF, 3 United Nations Plaza, New York, NY 10017 USA.
Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 1990;31 Suppl 1:7-9. doi: 10.1016/0020-7292(90)90067-U.
Breastfeeding can help prevent the 38,000 daily deaths of infants and young children through its nutritional, immunologic, and sanitary aspects. Nevertheless, it is on the decline in most countries. The World Health Organization (WHO) and United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) have combined to issue guidelines on the role of maternity services in promoting breastfeeding, such as, a hospital breastfeeding policy with rooming-in, demand-feeding, and the elimination of bottles and breast milk substitutes. These practices have succeeded in programs around the world and have increased the breastfeeding rate at the same time that infection rates decreased.
母乳喂养在营养、免疫和卫生方面有助于预防婴幼儿每天3.8万例的死亡。然而，在大多数国家，母乳喂养率却在下降。世界卫生组织（WHO）和联合国儿童基金会（UNICEF）联合发布了关于产科服务在促进母乳喂养中作用的指南，例如制定一项包含母婴同室、按需喂养以及杜绝奶瓶和母乳代用品的医院母乳喂养政策。这些做法在世界各地的项目中取得了成功，在感染率下降的同时提高了母乳喂养率。
