Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.
J Sci Food Agric. 2018 Nov;98(14):5248-5256. doi: 10.1002/jsfa.9063. Epub 2018 Jun 3.
Mediterranean agro-food industries (such as wineries, breweries and olive mills) dispose of great amounts of waste. This generates environmental problems, and the waste has a low nutritional value for use as animal feed. In this sense, solid-state fermentation (SSF) can increase the nutritional value of these wastes and simultaneously produce lignocellulolytic enzymes.
All fermented wastes were enriched in protein by the three fungi studied. Aspergillus ibericus was the fungus with the biggest increase of protein, which ranged from 1.4 times to 6.2 times with respect to unfermented wastes. Likewise, A. ibericus achieved the maximum cellulase and xylanase activities. The relationships among substrates composition, fungi used and SSF performance were evaluated by principal components analysis. The high content of cellulose and hemicellulose favoured lignocellulolytic enzymes production, and the phenolics content was negatively correlated with enzymes production and with the increase of protein by SSF. Furthermore, the scanning electron microscopy analysis showed the growth of fungi over solid wastes, the formation of conidiophores and the changes in their structures.
The nutritional value of Mediterranean wastes was improved and other value-added products such as lignocellulolytic enzymes were produced in the same process, which could facilitate the efficient reuse of these wastes. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
地中海农业食品工业（如酿酒厂、啤酒厂和橄榄油厂）会产生大量的废物。这会产生环境问题，而且这些废物作为动物饲料的营养价值很低。从这个意义上说，固态发酵（SSF）可以提高这些废物的营养价值，并同时生产木质纤维素酶。
在所研究的三种真菌中，所有发酵废物的蛋白质都得到了富集。相对于未发酵的废物，黑曲霉（Aspergillus ibericus）的蛋白质增加幅度最大，范围从 1.4 倍到 6.2 倍。同样，黑曲霉（A. ibericus）实现了最大的纤维素酶和木聚糖酶活性。通过主成分分析评估了基质组成、所用真菌和 SSF 性能之间的关系。纤维素和半纤维素的高含量有利于木质纤维素酶的生产，而酚类物质的含量与酶的生产以及 SSF 过程中蛋白质的增加呈负相关。此外，扫描电子显微镜分析显示真菌在固体废物上生长，形成分生孢子梗并改变其结构。
地中海废物的营养价值得到了提高，并在同一过程中生产了其他附加值产品，如木质纤维素酶，这有助于这些废物的有效再利用。 © 2018 化学工业协会。
