Candy Kerdalidec, Amanzougaghene Nadia, Izri Arezki, Brun Sophie, Durand Rémy, Louni Meriem, Raoult Didier, Fenollar Florence, Mediannikov Oleg
1 Department of Parasitology-Mycology, AP-HP, Hôpital Avicenne , Bobigny, France .
2 UMR "Émergence des Pathologies Virales" (EPV: Aix-Marseille University-IRD 190-Inserm 1207-EHESP-IHU Méditerranée Infection) , Marseille, France .
Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis. 2018 May;18(5):243-251. doi: 10.1089/vbz.2017.2206. Epub 2018 Mar 20.
Human lice, Pediculus humanus, are obligate blood-sucking parasites. Phylogenetically, they belong to several mitochondrial clades exhibiting some geographic differences. Currently, the body louse is the only recognized disease vector, with the head louse being proposed as an additional vector. In this article, we study the genetic diversity of head and body lice collected from Bobigny, a town located close to Paris (France), and look for louse-borne pathogens. By amplifying and sequencing the cytb gene, we confirmed the presence of clades A and B in France. Besides, by amplifying and sequencing both cytb and cox1 gene, we reported, for the first time, the presence of clade E, which has thus far only been found in lice from West Africa. DNA from Bartonella quintana was detected in 16.7% of body lice from homeless individuals, but in none of the head lice collected from 47 families. Acinetobacter DNA was detected in 11.5% of head lice belonging to all three clades and 29.1% of body lice. Six species of Acinetobacter were identified, including two potential new ones. Acinetobacter baumannii was the most prevalent, followed by Candidatus Acinetobacter Bobigny-1, Acinetobacter calcoaceticus, Acinetobacter nosocomialis, Acinetobacter junii, and Candidatus Acinetobacter Bobigny-2. Body lice were found to be infected only with A. baumannii. These findings show for the first time, the presence of clade E head lice in France. This study is also the first to report the presence of DNAs of several species of Acinetobacter in human head lice in France.
人体虱（人头虱）是专性吸血寄生虫。从系统发育角度来看，它们属于几个线粒体分支，存在一些地理差异。目前，体虱是唯一被认可的疾病传播媒介，头虱也被提议作为另一种传播媒介。在本文中，我们研究了从法国巴黎附近的博比尼镇采集的头虱和体虱的遗传多样性，并寻找虱媒病原体。通过对头细胞色素b（cytb）基因进行扩增和测序，我们证实了法国存在A和B分支。此外，通过对cytb和细胞色素c氧化酶亚基I（cox1）基因进行扩增和测序，我们首次报告了E分支的存在，该分支迄今为止仅在西非的虱子中发现。在16.7%的无家可归者的体虱中检测到五日热巴尔通体的DNA，但在从47个家庭采集的头虱中均未检测到。在属于所有三个分支的11.5%的头虱和29.1%的体虱中检测到不动杆菌属的DNA。鉴定出六种不动杆菌，包括两种可能的新物种。鲍曼不动杆菌最为常见，其次是暂定鲍比尼不动杆菌-1、醋酸钙不动杆菌、医院不动杆菌、琼氏不动杆菌和暂定鲍比尼不动杆菌-2。发现体虱仅感染鲍曼不动杆菌。这些发现首次表明法国存在E分支的头虱。本研究也是首次报告法国人体头虱中存在几种不动杆菌属的DNA。
