Department of Neuroscience, Oberlin College, Oberlin OH, USA.
Department of Neuroscience, Oberlin College, Oberlin OH, USA.
Food Chem Toxicol. 2018 Jun;116(Pt B):346-353. doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.04.022. Epub 2018 Apr 10.
Atropa belladonna, commonly known as belladonna or deadly nightshade, ranks among one of the most poisonous plants in Europe and other parts of the world. The plant contains tropane alkaloids including atropine, scopolamine, and hyoscyamine, which are used as anticholinergics in Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved drugs and homeopathic remedies. These alkaloids can be very toxic at high dose. The FDA has recently reported that Hyland's baby teething tablets contain inconsistent amounts of Atropa belladonna that may have adverse effects on the nervous system and cause death in children, thus recalled the product in 2017. A greater understanding of the neurotoxicity of Atropa belladonna and its modification of genetic polymorphisms in the nervous system is critical in order to develop better treatment strategies, therapies, regulations, education of at-risk populations, and a more cohesive paradigm for future research. This review offers an integrated view of the homeopathy and neurotoxicity of Atropa belladonna in children, adults, and animal models as well as its implications to neurological disorders. Particular attention is dedicated to the pharmaco/toxicodynamics, pharmaco/toxicokinetics, pathophysiology, epidemiological cases, and animal studies associated with the effects of Atropa belladonna on the nervous system. Additionally, we discuss the influence of active tropane alkaloids in Atropa belladonna and other similar plants on FDA-approved therapeutic drugs for treatment of neurological disorders.
颠茄，通常被称为颠茄或致命茄，是欧洲和世界其他地区最毒的植物之一。该植物含有托烷生物碱，包括阿托品、东莨菪碱和莨菪碱，这些生物碱在食品和药物管理局 (FDA) 批准的药物和顺势疗法药物中被用作抗胆碱能药物。这些生物碱在高剂量时可能非常有毒。FDA 最近报告称，Hyland 的婴儿出牙片含有不一致数量的颠茄，可能对神经系统有不良影响，并导致儿童死亡，因此在 2017 年召回了该产品。为了制定更好的治疗策略、疗法、法规、对高危人群的教育以及未来研究的更具凝聚力的范式，深入了解颠茄的神经毒性及其对神经系统遗传多态性的改变至关重要。这篇综述提供了颠茄在儿童、成人和动物模型中的顺势疗法和神经毒性的综合观点，以及它对神经紊乱的影响。特别关注与颠茄对神经系统的影响相关的药物/毒代动力学、药物/毒代动力学、生理学、流行病学病例和动物研究。此外，我们还讨论了颠茄和其他类似植物中的活性托烷生物碱对 FDA 批准的治疗神经紊乱的治疗药物的影响。
