Leroux Nicolas, Sylvain Francois-Etienne, Holland Aleicia, Luis Val Adalberto, Derome Nicolas
Department of Biology, Laval University , Quebec City, Quebec, Canada.
Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes , Quebec City, Quebec, Canada.
Microbiol Spectr. 2023 Sep 19;11(5):e0275522. doi: 10.1128/spectrum.02755-22.
A number of key factors can structure the gut microbiota of fish such as environment, diet, health state, and genotype. , an Amazonian cichlid, is a relevant model organism to study the relative contribution of these factors on the community structure of fish gut microbiota. has well-studied genetic populations and thrives in rivers with drastically divergent physicochemical characteristics. Here, we collected 167 fish from 12 study sites and used 16S and 18S rRNA metabarcoding approaches to characterize the gut microbiome structure of . These data sets were analyzed in light of the host fish genotypes (genotyping-by-sequencing) and an extensive characterization of environmental physico-chemical parameters. We explored the relative contribution of environmental dissimilarity, the presence of parasitic taxa, and phylogenetic relatedness on structuring the gut microbiota. We documented occurrences of sp. infecting a fish and linked its presence to a dysbiosis of the host gut microbiota. Moreover, we detected the presence of helminths which had a minor impact on the gut microbiota of their host. In addition, our results support a higher impact of the phylogenetic relatedness between fish rather than environmental similarity between sites of study on structuring the gut microbiota for this Amazonian cichlid. Our study in a heterogeneous riverscape integrates a wide range of factors known to structure fish gut microbiomes. It significantly improves understanding of the complex relationship between fish, their parasites, their microbiota, and the environment. IMPORTANCE The gut microbiota is known to play important roles in its host immunity, metabolism, and comportment. Its taxonomic composition is modulated by a complex interplay of factors that are hard to study simultaneously in natural systems. , an Amazonian cichlid, is an interesting model to simultaneously study the influence of multiple variables on the gut microbiota. In this study, we explored the relative contribution of the environmental conditions, the presence of parasitic infections, and the genotype of the host on structuring the gut microbiota of in Amazonia. Our results highlighted infections by a parasitic ciliate that caused a disruption of the gut microbiota and by parasitic worms that had a low impact on the microbiota. Finally, our results support a higher impact of the genotype than the environment on structuring the microbiota for this fish. These findings significantly improve understanding of the complex relationship among fish, their parasites, their microbiota, and the environment.
许多关键因素可以塑造鱼类的肠道微生物群，如环境、饮食、健康状况和基因型。作为一种亚马逊丽鱼科鱼，是研究这些因素对鱼类肠道微生物群群落结构相对贡献的相关模式生物。有经过充分研究的遗传种群，并且在物理化学特征差异极大的河流中繁衍生息。在这里，我们从12个研究地点收集了167条鱼，并使用16S和18S rRNA基因条形码方法来表征的肠道微生物组结构。根据宿主鱼类基因型（测序基因分型）和对环境理化参数的广泛表征对这些数据集进行了分析。我们探讨了环境差异、寄生类群的存在以及系统发育相关性对构建肠道微生物群的相对贡献。我们记录了感染鱼类的情况，并将其存在与宿主肠道微生物群的失调联系起来。此外，我们检测到了蠕虫的存在，它们对宿主的肠道微生物群影响较小。此外，我们的结果支持，对于这种亚马逊丽鱼科鱼来说，鱼类之间的系统发育相关性对构建肠道微生物群的影响高于研究地点之间的环境相似性。我们在异质河流景观中的研究整合了一系列已知可塑造鱼类肠道微生物群的因素。它显著提高了对鱼类、其寄生虫、其微生物群和环境之间复杂关系的理解。重要性 已知肠道微生物群在其宿主的免疫、代谢和行为中发挥重要作用。其分类组成受到多种因素复杂相互作用的调节，而这些因素在自然系统中很难同时进行研究。作为一种亚马逊丽鱼科鱼，是同时研究多个变量对肠道微生物群影响的有趣模式。在这项研究中，我们探讨了环境条件、寄生虫感染的存在以及宿主基因型对亚马逊地区肠道微生物群构建的相对贡献。我们的结果突出了寄生纤毛虫感染导致肠道微生物群紊乱，以及寄生蠕虫对微生物群影响较小。最后，我们的结果支持基因型对这种鱼的微生物群构建的影响高于环境。这些发现显著提高了对鱼类、其寄生虫、其微生物群和环境之间复杂关系的理解。
