Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Escola Paulista de Medicina, Departamento de Pediatria, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic, Curso de Medicina, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
J Pediatr (Rio J). 2018 Nov-Dec;94(6):574-581. doi: 10.1016/j.jped.2018.01.008. Epub 2018 Apr 12.
Opposition to vaccines is not a new event, and appeared soon after the introduction of the smallpox vaccine in the late 18th century. The purpose of this review is to educate healthcare professionals about vaccine hesitancy and refusal, its causes and consequences, and make suggestions to address this challenge.
A comprehensive and non-systematic search was carried out in the PubMed, LILACS, and ScieLo databases from 1980 to the present day, using the terms "vaccine refusal," "vaccine hesitancy," and "vaccine confidence." The publications considered as the most relevant by the author were critically selected.
The beliefs and arguments of the anti-vaccine movements have remained unchanged in the past two centuries, but new social media has facilitated the dissemination of information against vaccines. Studies on the subject have intensified after 2010, but the author did not retrieve any published studies to quantify this behavior in Brazil. The nomenclature on the subject (vaccine hesitancy) was standardized by the World Health Organization in 2012. Discussions have been carried out on the possible causes of vaccine hesitancy and refusal, as well as on the behavior of families and health professionals. Proposals for interventions to decrease public doubts, clarify myths, and improve confidence in vaccines have been made. Guides for the health care professional to face the problem are emerging.
The healthcare professional is a key element to transmit information, resolve doubts and increase confidence in vaccines. They must be prepared to face this new challenge.
反对疫苗接种并不是一个新现象，它在 18 世纪末推出天花疫苗后不久就出现了。本综述的目的是教育医疗保健专业人员了解疫苗犹豫和拒绝的现象、原因和后果，并提出解决这一挑战的建议。
作者在 1980 年至现在的 PubMed、LILACS 和 ScieLo 数据库中进行了全面的非系统性检索，使用了“疫苗拒绝”、“疫苗犹豫”和“疫苗信心”等术语。作者批判性地选择了最相关的出版物。
在过去的两个世纪里，反疫苗运动的信仰和论点没有改变，但新的社交媒体使反对疫苗的信息传播变得更加容易。自 2010 年以来，对该主题的研究有所增加，但作者没有检索到任何发表的研究来量化巴西的这种行为。世界卫生组织在 2012 年对该主题的命名法（疫苗犹豫）进行了标准化。人们对疫苗犹豫和拒绝的可能原因以及家庭和卫生专业人员的行为进行了讨论。已经提出了减少公众疑虑、澄清误解和提高疫苗信心的干预措施建议。为卫生保健专业人员应对该问题而编写的指南正在出现。
医疗保健专业人员是传递信息、解决疑虑和增强疫苗信心的关键要素。他们必须做好应对这一新挑战的准备。
