Nishimune Hiroshi, Shigemoto Kazuhiro
Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas School of Medicine, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, MS 3051, Hemenway Room 2073, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.
Research Team for Geriatric Medicine, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Sakae-cho 35-2, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan.
Neurol Clin. 2018 May;36(2):231-240. doi: 10.1016/j.ncl.2018.01.009.
Neuromuscular junctions (NMJs) form between nerve terminals of spinal cord motor neurons and skeletal muscles, and perisynaptic Schwann cells and kranocytes cap NMJs. One muscle fiber has one NMJ, which is innervated by one motor nerve terminal. NMJs are excitatory synapses that use P/Q-type voltage-gated calcium channels to release the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. Acetylcholine receptors accumulate at the postsynaptic specialization called the end plate on the muscle fiber membrane, the sarcolemma. Proteins essential for the organization of end plates include agrin secreted from nerve terminals, Lrp4 and MuSK receptors for agrin, and Dok-7 and rapsyn cytosolic proteins in the muscle.
神经肌肉接头（NMJ）形成于脊髓运动神经元的神经末梢与骨骼肌之间，突触周围的施万细胞和卫星细胞覆盖着神经肌肉接头。一根肌纤维有一个神经肌肉接头，由一个运动神经末梢支配。神经肌肉接头是兴奋性突触，利用P/Q型电压门控钙通道释放神经递质乙酰胆碱。乙酰胆碱受体聚集在肌纤维膜（即肌膜）上被称为终板的突触后特化部位。终板组织所必需的蛋白质包括神经末梢分泌的聚集蛋白、聚集蛋白的Lrp4和MuSK受体，以及肌肉中的Dok-7和rapsyn胞质蛋白。
