Environment and Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter, Penryn, United Kingdom.
Wissenschaftskolleg zu Berlin, Institute for Advanced Study, Berlin, Germany.
J Exp Zool A Ecol Integr Physiol. 2018 Oct;329(8-9):394-400. doi: 10.1002/jez.2157. Epub 2018 Apr 14.
Many ecosystems worldwide are exposed to artificial light at night (ALAN), from streetlights and other sources, and a wide range of organisms has been shown to respond to this anthropogenic pressure. This raises concerns about the consequences for major ecosystem functions and their stability. However, there is limited understanding of how whole ecological communities respond to ALAN, and this cannot be gained simply by making predictions from observed single species physiological, behavioral, or ecological responses. Research needs to include an important building block of ecological communities, namely the interactions between species that drive ecological and evolutionary processes in ecosystems. Here, we summarize current knowledge about community responses to ALAN and illustrate different pathways and their impact on ecosystem functioning and stability. We discuss that documentation of the impact of ALAN on species interaction networks and trait distributions provides useful tools to link changes in community structure to ecosystem functions. Finally, we suggest several approaches to advance research that will link the diverse impact of ALAN to changes in ecosystems.
许多全球生态系统都受到来自路灯和其他光源的人工夜间光照（ALAN）的影响，大量生物已经表现出对这种人为压力的反应。这引起了人们对主要生态系统功能及其稳定性的后果的关注。然而，对于整个生态群落如何对 ALAN 做出反应，人们的理解是有限的，而仅仅通过观察到的单个物种的生理、行为或生态反应来进行预测是无法获得这种理解的。研究需要包括生态群落的一个重要组成部分，即驱动生态系统中生态和进化过程的物种之间的相互作用。在这里，我们总结了当前关于群落对 ALAN 反应的知识，并说明了不同的途径及其对生态系统功能和稳定性的影响。我们讨论了记录 ALAN 对物种相互作用网络和特征分布的影响提供了将群落结构变化与生态系统功能联系起来的有用工具。最后，我们提出了几种方法来推进研究，将 ALAN 的各种影响与生态系统的变化联系起来。
