a Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy , University Hospital Tuebingen , Tuebingen , Germany.
b Department of General Internal Medicine and Psychosomatics , University Medical Hospital Heidelberg , Heidelberg , Germany.
Med Teach. 2019 Feb;41(2):172-183. doi: 10.1080/0142159X.2018.1457213. Epub 2018 Apr 14.
This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to summarize the available evidence on the prevalence of professional burnout among medical students.
The review was performed according to the PRISMA guidelines. Databases were systematically searched for peer-reviewed articles, reporting burnout among medical students published between 2000 and 2017. The meta-analysis was conducted on the available data on burnout rates in medical students measured with the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI-HSS).
Fifty-eight out of 3006 studies were found eligible for inclusion. Twelve of these studies met the criteria for meta-analysis. Weighted mean values for the three sub-dimensions of the MBI-HSS were M = 22.93 (SD = 10.25) for Emotional Exhaustion, M = 8.88 (SD = 5.64) for Depersonalization, and M = 35.11 (SD = 8.03) for Personal Accomplishment. Prevalence rates for professional burnout ranged from 7.0% to 75.2%, depending on country-specific factors, applied instruments, cutoff-criteria for burnout symptomatology.
This review underlines the burden of burnout among medical students. Future research should explicitly focus on specific context factors and student group under investigation. Such efforts are necessary to control for context-dependent confounders in research on medical students' mental health impairment to enable more meaningful comparisons and adequate prevention strategies.
本系统评价和荟萃分析旨在总结目前关于医学生职业倦怠流行率的现有证据。
根据 PRISMA 指南进行综述。系统搜索了同行评议文献数据库，以寻找发表于 2000 年至 2017 年之间的关于医学生职业倦怠的文章。使用 Maslach 倦怠量表（MBI-HSS）对医学生倦怠率进行了荟萃分析。
在 3006 项研究中，有 58 项符合纳入标准。其中 12 项研究符合荟萃分析标准。MBI-HSS 三个子维度的加权平均值分别为：情绪衰竭 M=22.93（SD=10.25）、去人格化 M=8.88（SD=5.64）和个人成就感 M=35.11（SD=8.03）。职业倦怠的流行率因国家特定因素、应用的工具、倦怠症状的截断标准而异，范围从 7.0%到 75.2%不等。
本综述强调了医学生职业倦怠的负担。未来的研究应明确关注特定的背景因素和研究对象的学生群体。这些努力对于控制医学学生心理健康障碍研究中的与背景相关的混杂因素是必要的，以便能够进行更有意义的比较和制定适当的预防策略。
