Salviano-Silva Amanda, Lobo-Alves Sara Cristina, Almeida Rodrigo Coutinho de, Malheiros Danielle, Petzl-Erler Maria Luiza
Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, Department of Genetics, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba 81531-980, Caixa Postal 19071, Brazil.
Noncoding RNA. 2018 Jan 30;4(1):3. doi: 10.3390/ncrna4010003.
A significant proportion of mammalian genomes corresponds to genes that transcribe long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). Throughout the last decade, the number of studies concerning the roles played by lncRNAs in different biological processes has increased considerably. This intense interest in lncRNAs has produced a major shift in our understanding of gene and genome regulation and structure. It became apparent that lncRNAs regulate gene expression through several mechanisms. These RNAs function as transcriptional or post-transcriptional regulators through binding to histone-modifying complexes, to DNA, to transcription factors and other DNA binding proteins, to RNA polymerase II, to mRNA, or through the modulation of microRNA or enzyme function. Often, the lncRNA transcription itself rather than the lncRNA product appears to be regulatory. In this review, we highlight studies identifying lncRNAs in the homeostasis of various cell and tissue types or demonstrating their effects in the expression of protein-coding or other non-coding RNA genes.
相当一部分哺乳动物基因组对应于转录长链非编码RNA（lncRNA）的基因。在过去十年中，关于lncRNA在不同生物学过程中所起作用的研究数量大幅增加。对lncRNA的这种浓厚兴趣使我们对基因及基因组调控和结构的理解发生了重大转变。很明显，lncRNA通过多种机制调控基因表达。这些RNA通过与组蛋白修饰复合物、DNA、转录因子及其他DNA结合蛋白、RNA聚合酶II、mRNA结合，或通过调节微小RNA或酶的功能，作为转录或转录后调节因子发挥作用。通常，似乎是lncRNA转录本身而非lncRNA产物具有调节作用。在本综述中，我们重点介绍了在各种细胞和组织类型的体内平衡中鉴定lncRNA或证明其对蛋白质编码或其他非编码RNA基因表达产生影响的研究。
