Jakab Lajos
III. Belgyógyászati Klinika, Semmelweis Egyetem, Általános Orvostudományi Kar Budapest, Kútvölgyi út 4., 1125.
Orv Hetil. 2018 Apr;159(16):620-627. doi: 10.1556/650.2018.31005.
After clearing up the confusion in the previously used nomenclature, the paper discusses the family of small-leucin-rich glycoproteins. After mentioning the family and its role in the organisation of the ground substance and in the regulation of inflammation, one unique molecule of proteoglycans is presented. This molecule is the inter-α-trypsin inhibitor. It has turned out that this peculiar molecule originally contains glycosaminoglycan beside the neutral carbohydrates. After summarizing the numerous connections of the proteoglycan molecule, the "self-sacrificing" nature of the molecule is presented. It is noted that the functions of the ovaries are also controlled by this molecule. The unique structure and fundamental function of the CD44 is also analysed. The CD44 is a transmembrane proteoglycan receptor with diverse functions and actions. The organisation has intramolecular, transmembrane sections, a stalk and one globular part and contains glycosaminoglycan and oligosacharids, too. The construction contains sialic acid residues at end positions of the molecular chains, which hinder it from joining other sialic acid structures in terminal positions. Therefore, this molecule has to be separated to open up a way for the sequencing neutral molecule (e.g., hyaluronan) to be attached. CD44 is the most important, but not the only receptor of hyaluronan. It can form connections with a lot of constructions, e.g., blood cells, the human endothelial, adventitial and mesenchymal. Human extracellular matrix proteinases can change the receptor's structures. Both the molecular and the supramolecular complexes boast unique features. The giant hyaluronan chains can connect to hyaluronan-binding proteoglycans - particularly hyaladherins to hyaluronectins - to create supramolecular connections and networks. The molecular mass of the fragments of hyaluronan is in the range of some kDs, while the whole molecule weighs up to several million Ds. The fragments are independent masses and can form attachments by themselves. The fragments have important inflammatory effects. Previously unidentified proteoglycan fragments have also been identified. Five of the ten identified fragments are secreted after synthetizing and stored in the granula of human cells. These strange characteristics are connected to the features of chromogranins/secretogranins. Nevertheless, this is another system of the organism, the functional, molecular structures of which are synthetized in neuroendocrine cells. Orv Hetil. 2018; 159(16): 620-627.
在厘清先前使用的命名法中的混淆之处后，本文讨论了富含亮氨酸的小分子糖蛋白家族。在提及该家族及其在细胞外基质组织和炎症调节中的作用后，介绍了一种独特的蛋白聚糖分子。这种分子是α-胰蛋白酶抑制剂。原来，这种特殊的分子除了含有中性碳水化合物外，最初还含有糖胺聚糖。在总结了蛋白聚糖分子的众多联系后，介绍了该分子的“自我牺牲”性质。文中指出，卵巢的功能也受该分子控制。还分析了CD44的独特结构和基本功能。CD44是一种具有多种功能和作用的跨膜蛋白聚糖受体。其结构包括分子内、跨膜部分、一个柄和一个球状部分，也含有糖胺聚糖和寡糖。该结构在分子链的末端位置含有唾液酸残基，这阻碍了它与末端位置的其他唾液酸结构结合。因此，必须分离该分子，为中性分子（如透明质酸）的附着开辟道路。CD44是透明质酸最重要但并非唯一的受体。它可以与许多结构形成连接，如血细胞、人内皮细胞、外膜细胞和间充质细胞。人细胞外基质蛋白酶可以改变该受体的结构。分子复合物和超分子复合物都具有独特的特征。巨大的透明质酸链可以与透明质酸结合蛋白聚糖——特别是透明粘连蛋白与透明质连接蛋白——连接，形成超分子连接和网络。透明质酸片段的分子量在几千道尔顿范围内，而整个分子重达数百万道尔顿。这些片段是独立的物质，可以自行形成连接。这些片段具有重要的炎症作用。还鉴定出了先前未鉴定的蛋白聚糖片段。已鉴定出的十个片段中有五个在合成后分泌并储存在人细胞的颗粒中。这些奇特的特征与嗜铬粒蛋白/分泌粒蛋白的特征有关。然而，这是生物体的另一个系统，其功能分子结构在神经内分泌细胞中合成。《匈牙利医学周报》。2018年；159(16):620 - 627。
