a Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ischemic Cardiovascular Diseases & Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an 710021, China.
b Institute of Material Medical, School of Pharmacy, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2018 Oct;43(10):996-1002. doi: 10.1139/apnm-2017-0876. Epub 2018 Apr 15.
Dietary restriction (DR) has been reported to have beneficial effects on atherosclerotic progression as well as lipid and glucose metabolism, but little is known about whether these effects can be enhanced or weakened by dietary lipid lowering. Here, after 12 weeks of high-cholesterol diet feeding, hypercholesterolemic rabbits were fed with either a standard chow diet ad libitum (AL) or a standard chow diet with DR for 16 weeks of dietary lipid lowering. We found that the DR group exhibited a loss of body weight, smaller internal organs, and reduced fat mass, while the AL group accumulated more subcutaneous fat than the baseline group. DR treatment slightly worsened glucose tolerance but enhanced insulin sensitivity, and a slight effect of DR on insulin secretion was also observed. After dietary cholesterol withdrawal, rabbits showed persistent lowering of total cholesterol and triglycerides in plasma. However, the DR group had significantly higher plasma total cholesterol than the AL group at most time points during weeks 7 to 16 of lipid lowering. Although both the AL and DR groups developed more severe atherosclerosis than the baseline group, DR did not improve atherosclerotic progression or the accumulation of macrophages and smooth muscle cells. We conclude that DR affected glucose and lipid metabolism but did not ameliorate atherosclerosis in rabbits when associated with lipid lowering by dietary cholesterol withdrawal.
饮食限制（DR）已被报道对动脉粥样硬化的进展以及脂质和葡萄糖代谢具有有益的影响，但对于这些影响是否可以通过降低饮食中的脂质来增强或减弱知之甚少。在这里，在高胆固醇饮食喂养 12 周后，高脂血症兔接受了 16 周的饮食脂质降低，分别给予标准饲料随意饮食（AL）或标准饲料 DR。我们发现，DR 组表现出体重减轻、内脏器官变小和脂肪量减少，而 AL 组比基线组积累了更多的皮下脂肪。DR 治疗略微恶化了葡萄糖耐量，但增强了胰岛素敏感性，并且还观察到 DR 对胰岛素分泌的轻微影响。在停止饮食胆固醇后，兔子的血浆总胆固醇和甘油三酯持续降低。然而，在降低胆固醇的第 7 周到 16 周的大多数时间点，DR 组的血浆总胆固醇显著高于 AL 组。尽管 AL 和 DR 组比基线组发展出更严重的动脉粥样硬化，但 DR 并没有改善动脉粥样硬化的进展或巨噬细胞和平滑肌细胞的积累。我们的结论是，当与饮食胆固醇去除相关联时，DR 影响葡萄糖和脂质代谢，但不能改善兔子的动脉粥样硬化。
