Tomassini A, Curone G, Solè M, Capuani G, Sciubba F, Conta G, Miccheli A, Vigo D
a Department of Chemistry , University of Rome "La Sapienza" , Rome , Italy.
b Department of Veterinary Medicine , Università degli Studi di Milano , Milano , Italy.
Nat Prod Res. 2019 Apr;33(8):1085-1091. doi: 10.1080/14786419.2018.1462183. Epub 2018 Apr 16.
It is well established that different factors affect milk composition in cows and that milk composition, in turn, affect both technological and nutritional qualities. In this respect the comprehension of the metabolic variability of milk composition in relation to the lactation time as well as to the genetic background may be of paramount importance for the agri-food industries. In the present study we investigated the variations of the metabolic profiles during lactation in milks obtained from Friesian and autochthonous races from Northern Italy by H NMR metabolomics. Furthermore, the external factors influencing the milk composition were minimized: the cows were breeded in the same farm, were fed with the same diet and were paired for the lactation interval and lactation stage. Our results showed a difference in milk composition between races and in relation to late lactation. The PLS-DA analysis permitted to distinguish the Friesian and autochthonous cow milks at the investigated different lactation times. Interestingly, the metabolites significantly involved into the discrimination between races appeared to be also technological property parameters, highlighting the importance of maintaining the biodiversity of cow breeds. Therefore, NMR-based metabolomics of milk could represent an informative tool to identify metabolites involved in milk quality both from a nutritional and industrial perspective.
众所周知，不同因素会影响奶牛的乳汁成分，而乳汁成分又会反过来影响其工艺品质和营养品质。在这方面，了解乳汁成分相对于泌乳时间以及遗传背景的代谢变异性，对农业食品行业可能至关重要。在本研究中，我们通过核磁共振氢谱代谢组学研究了从意大利北部的弗里生牛和本地牛品种获取的牛奶在泌乳期间的代谢谱变化。此外，影响乳汁成分的外部因素被降至最低：奶牛在同一个农场饲养，喂食相同的日粮，并按泌乳间隔和泌乳阶段进行配对。我们的结果显示，不同品种之间以及与泌乳后期相关的乳汁成分存在差异。偏最小二乘判别分析（PLS - DA）能够在研究的不同泌乳时间区分弗里生牛和本地牛的牛奶。有趣的是，显著参与品种间鉴别的代谢物似乎也是工艺特性参数，这突出了维持奶牛品种生物多样性的重要性。因此，基于核磁共振的牛奶代谢组学可以成为从营养和工业角度识别与牛奶品质相关代谢物的信息工具。
