Ortega-Peña Silvestre, Hernández-Zamora Edgar
Laboratorio de Infectología, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra, Ciudad de México, México.
Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México.
Bol Med Hosp Infant Mex. 2018;75(2):79-88. doi: 10.24875/BMHIM.M18000012.
Biofilms are communities of microorganisms that grow aggregated and surrounded by an extracellular matrix, which they produce and favors them to adhere covalently to inert and living surfaces; it also helps them to develop high tolerance to molecules with antimicrobial activity. Moreover, biofilms are associated with chronic and persistent infections, which negatively impact different medical areas since they generate high costs to health care systems and patients every year because they are difficult to treat with conventional antimicrobial drugs. Additionally, they generate high rates of morbidity and mortality. The objective of this review was to present extensive and up-to-date information on the origin, biosynthesis, and pathophysiology of biofilms. Also, its relationship with chronic infections, diagnosis, current antimicrobial treatments with antibiotic activity, and perspectives on the search for new treatments, since the latter still represent an important area of research.
生物膜是微生物群落，它们聚集生长并被细胞外基质包围，这种细胞外基质由微生物产生，有利于它们共价附着在惰性和生物表面；它还帮助它们对具有抗菌活性的分子产生高度耐受性。此外，生物膜与慢性和持续性感染有关，这对不同医学领域产生负面影响，因为它们每年给医疗保健系统和患者带来高昂成本，原因是它们难以用传统抗菌药物治疗。此外，它们还导致高发病率和死亡率。本综述的目的是提供有关生物膜的起源、生物合成和病理生理学的广泛且最新的信息。此外，还介绍了其与慢性感染的关系、诊断、当前具有抗生素活性的抗菌治疗方法以及寻找新治疗方法的前景，因为后者仍然是一个重要的研究领域。
