Department of Ophthalmology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
Acta Ophthalmol. 2018 Sep;96(6):616-622. doi: 10.1111/aos.13714. Epub 2018 Apr 16.
To describe epidemiology, causes, treatments and outcomes of all ocular injuries in southern Finland among people aged 61 and older.
All new ocular trauma patients, admitted to the Helsinki University Eye Hospital, during 1 year in 2011-2012. The data were from hospital records and prospectively from patient questionnaires. The follow-up time was 3 months.
The incidence for ocular injuries among the elderly was 38/100 000/year. From 118 patients 69% were men. The mean age was 70.9 years old (median 67). The hospitalization rate was 14%. Injury types were minor traumas (48%), contusions (22%), chemical injuries (10%), eyelid wounds (8%), open globe injuries (OGI; 7%) and orbital fractures (5%). The injuries occurred at home (58%), institutions (12%) and in other public places (12%). The main causes of ocular injury were falls (22%), sticks (19%), superficial foreign bodies (18%) and chemicals (12%). All OGI and 88% of contusions needed a lifelong follow-up. A permanent visual or functional impairment occurred in 15 (13%) patients. Of these 53% were OGI, 40% contusions and 7% chemical injuries. The causes of permanent injuries were falls (seven cases, 47%), work tools, sports equipment, sticks, chemicals and eyeglasses. The incidence for legal blindness was 2.3/100 000.
Minor trauma was the most frequent type, and home was the location of the most occurred eye injuries. Falls were the most frequent and serious cause, but behavioural causes were not significant. Preventive measures should be directed towards the main identified causes and risk factors of the eye injuries in the elderly.
描述芬兰南部 61 岁及以上人群的所有眼部损伤的流行病学、病因、治疗方法和结果。
纳入 2011 年至 2012 年期间在赫尔辛基大学眼科医院就诊的所有新眼部创伤患者。数据来自医院记录和患者前瞻性问卷调查。随访时间为 3 个月。
老年人眼部损伤的发病率为 38/100000/年。118 名患者中，69%为男性，平均年龄为 70.9 岁（中位数为 67 岁）。住院率为 14%。损伤类型包括轻微创伤（48%）、挫伤（22%）、化学伤（10%）、眼睑伤口（8%）、开放性眼球损伤（7%）和眼眶骨折（5%）。损伤发生在家庭（58%）、机构（12%）和其他公共场所（12%）。眼部损伤的主要原因是跌倒（22%）、棍棒（19%）、异物入眼（18%）和化学物质（12%）。所有开放性眼球损伤和 88%的挫伤需要终身随访。15 名（13%）患者发生永久性视力或功能障碍。其中 53%为开放性眼球损伤，40%为挫伤，7%为化学伤。永久性损伤的原因是跌倒（7 例，47%）、工作工具、运动器材、棍棒、化学物质和眼镜。法定失明的发病率为 2.3/100000。
轻微创伤是最常见的类型，家庭是眼部损伤最常发生的场所。跌倒是最常见和最严重的原因，但行为原因并不显著。预防措施应针对老年人眼部损伤的主要确定原因和危险因素。
