Departments of Nutritional Sciences, Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, and Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA.
Departments of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, and Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA.
J Nutr. 2018 May 1;148(5):721-728. doi: 10.1093/jn/nxy040.
Cholesterol efflux plays an important role in preventing atherosclerosis progression. Vegetable oils with varying unsaturated fatty acid profiles favorably affect multiple cardiovascular disease risk factors; however, their effects on cholesterol efflux remain unclear.
The objectives of this study were to examine the effects of diets low in saturated fatty acids (SFAs) with varying unsaturated fatty acid profiles on serum-mediated cholesterol efflux and its association with the plasma lipophilic index and central obesity.
The present study is a randomized, crossover, controlled-feeding study. Participants [men: n = 50; women: n = 51; mean ± SE age: 49.5 ± 1.2 y; body mass index (in kg/m2): 29.4 ± 0.4] at risk for or with metabolic syndrome (MetS) were randomly assigned to 5 isocaloric diets containing the treatment oils: canola oil, high oleic acid-canola oil, DHA-enriched high oleic acid-canola oil, corn oil and safflower oil blend, and flax oil and safflower oil blend. These treatment oils were incorporated into smoothies that participants consumed 2 times/d. For a 3000-kcal diet, 60 g of treatment oil was required to provide 18% of total energy per day. Each diet period was 4 wk followed by a 2- to 4-wk washout period. We quantified cholesterol efflux capacity with a validated ex vivo high-throughput cholesterol efflux assay. Statistical analyses were performed with the use of the SAS mixed-model procedure.
The 5 diets increased serum-mediated cholesterol efflux capacity from THP-1 macrophages similarly by 39%, 34%, 55%, 49% and 51%, respectively, compared with baseline (P < 0.05 for all). Waist circumference and abdominal adiposity were negatively correlated with serum-mediated cholesterol efflux capacity (r = -0.25, P = 0.01, r = -0.33, P = 0.02, respectively).
Diets low in SFAs with different monounsaturated fatty acid and polyunsaturated fatty acid profiles improved serum-mediated cholesterol efflux capacity in individuals with or at risk for MetS. This mechanism may account, in part, for the cardiovascular disease benefits of diets low in SFAs and high in unsaturated fatty acids. Importantly, central obesity is inversely associated with cholesterol efflux capacity. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01351012.
胆固醇外排在防止动脉粥样硬化进展方面起着重要作用。具有不同不饱和脂肪酸谱的植物油可有利地影响多种心血管疾病风险因素；然而，其对胆固醇外排的影响尚不清楚。
本研究的目的是检验富含不同不饱和脂肪酸的低饱和脂肪酸（SFA）饮食对血清介导的胆固醇外排的影响及其与亲脂指数和中心性肥胖的关系。
本研究为一项随机、交叉、对照喂养研究。参与者[男性：n=50；女性：n=51；平均±SE 年龄：49.5±1.2 岁；体重指数（kg/m2）：29.4±0.4]存在代谢综合征（MetS）风险或患有 MetS，被随机分配到 5 种等热量饮食中，分别含有治疗用油脂：菜籽油、高油酸-菜籽油、富含二十二碳六烯酸的高油酸-菜籽油、玉米油和红花油混合油、亚麻籽油和红花油混合油。这些治疗用油脂被加入到奶昔中，参与者每天食用 2 次。对于 3000 千卡的饮食，每天需要 60 克治疗油，以提供 18%的总能量。每种饮食持续 4 周，随后是 2-4 周的洗脱期。我们使用经过验证的体外高通量胆固醇外排测定法来量化胆固醇外排能力。统计分析采用 SAS 混合模型程序进行。
与基线相比，这 5 种饮食均使 THP-1 巨噬细胞的血清介导胆固醇外排能力分别增加了 39%、34%、55%、49%和 51%（P<0.05 均）。腰围和腹部脂肪含量与血清介导的胆固醇外排能力呈负相关（r=-0.25，P=0.01，r=-0.33，P=0.02）。
具有不同单不饱和脂肪酸和多不饱和脂肪酸谱的低 SFA 饮食可改善 MetS 患者或 MetS 风险患者的血清介导胆固醇外排能力。这种机制可能部分解释了低 SFA 高不饱和脂肪酸饮食对心血管疾病的益处。重要的是，中心性肥胖与胆固醇外排能力呈负相关。本试验在 www.clinicaltrials.gov 注册，编号为 NCT01351012。
