Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.
Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Immunol Rev. 2018 May;283(1):54-76. doi: 10.1111/imr.12650.
A large proportion of memory T cells disseminated throughout the body are non-recirculating cells whose maintenance and function is regulated by tissue-specific environmental cues. These sessile cells are referred to as tissue-resident memory T (T ) cells and similar populations of non-recirculating cells also exist among unconventional T cells and innate lymphocyte cells. The pool of T cells is highly diverse with respect to anatomical positioning, phenotype, molecular regulation and effector function. Nevertheless, certain transcriptional programs are shared and appear as important unifying features for the overall population of T cells and tissue-resident lymphocytes. It is now widely appreciated that T cells are a critical component of our immune defense by acting as peripheral sentinels capable of rapidly mobilizing protective tissue immunity upon pathogen recognition. This function is of particular importance in anatomical sites that are not effectively surveilled by blood-borne memory T cells in absence of inflammation, such as neuronal tissues or epithelial compartments in skin and mucosae. Focusing on the well-characterized subtype of CD8 CD69 CD103 T cells, we will review current concepts on the generation, persistence and function of T cells and will summarize commonly used tools to study these cells. Furthermore, we will discuss accumulating data that emphasize localized T responses as an important determinant of tissue homeostasis and immune defense in the context of microbiota-immune interactions, persistent infections and cancer surveillance.
大量分布于全身的记忆 T 细胞是不循环的细胞，其维持和功能受组织特异性环境线索的调节。这些固定细胞被称为组织驻留记忆 T（T ）细胞，类似的非循环细胞群体也存在于非常规 T 细胞和先天淋巴细胞中。T 细胞在解剖定位、表型、分子调控和效应功能方面具有高度多样性。然而，某些转录程序是共享的，并且似乎是 T 细胞和组织驻留淋巴细胞总体群的重要统一特征。现在人们普遍认识到，T 细胞通过充当能够在病原体识别后迅速动员保护性组织免疫的外周哨兵，成为我们免疫防御的关键组成部分。在没有炎症的情况下，血液源性记忆 T 细胞不能有效监测的解剖部位，如神经元组织或皮肤和黏膜的上皮隔室，这种功能尤为重要。本综述聚焦于特征明确的 CD8+CD69+CD103+T 细胞亚群，将综述 T 细胞的产生、持续存在和功能的现有概念，并总结研究这些细胞的常用工具。此外，我们将讨论越来越多的数据，这些数据强调局部 T 反应作为微生物群-免疫相互作用、持续性感染和癌症监测背景下组织稳态和免疫防御的重要决定因素。
