Lehtovirta-Morley Laura E
School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK.
FEMS Microbiol Lett. 2018 May 1;365(9). doi: 10.1093/femsle/fny058.
Ammonia oxidation is a fundamental core process in the global biogeochemical nitrogen cycle. Oxidation of ammonia (NH3) to nitrite (NO2 -) is the first and rate-limiting step in nitrification and is carried out by distinct groups of microorganisms. Ammonia oxidation is essential for nutrient turnover in most terrestrial, aquatic and engineered ecosystems and plays a major role, both directly and indirectly, in greenhouse gas production and environmental damage. Although ammonia oxidation has been studied for over a century, this research field has been galvanised in the past decade by the surprising discoveries of novel ammonia oxidising microorganisms. This review reflects on the ammonia oxidation research to date and discusses the major gaps remaining in our knowledge of the biology of ammonia oxidation.
氨氧化是全球生物地球化学氮循环中的一个基本核心过程。氨（NH3）氧化为亚硝酸盐（NO2-）是硝化作用的第一步和限速步骤，由不同的微生物群体进行。氨氧化对于大多数陆地、水生和工程生态系统中的养分周转至关重要，并且在温室气体产生和环境破坏中直接或间接地发挥着重要作用。尽管氨氧化已经被研究了一个多世纪，但在过去十年中，新型氨氧化微生物的惊人发现推动了该研究领域的发展。这篇综述回顾了迄今为止的氨氧化研究，并讨论了我们在氨氧化生物学知识方面仍然存在的主要差距。
