Department of Applied Clinical Sciences and Biotechnology, Section of Clinical Epidemiology and Environmental Medicine, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio, Località Coppito, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy.
Abruzzo Region Health System, Reference Regional Centre for Autism, L'Aquila, Italy.
Nutr Neurosci. 2019 Dec;22(12):825-839. doi: 10.1080/1028415X.2018.1464819. Epub 2018 Apr 19.
Children with autism are characterized by an impairment of social interaction and repetitive patterns of behaviour. Autism is a heterogeneous span of disorders with unknown aetiology. Research has grown significantly and has suggested that environmental risk factors acting during the prenatal period could influence the neurodevelopment of offspring. The literature suggests that the maternal diet during pregnancy has a fundamental role in the etiopathogenesis of autism. Indeed, a maternal diet that is high in some nutrients has been associated with an increase or reduction in the risk of develop Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD). The diet of ASD children is also a key factor for the worsening of ASD symptoms. Children with autism have food selectivity and limited diets due to smell, taste, or other characteristics of foods. This determines eating routines and food intake patterns, with consequent deficiency or excess of some aliments. Several studies have tried to show a possible relationship between nutritional status and autism. In this review we describe, emphasizing the limits and benefits, the main current empirical studies that have examined the role of maternal diet during gestation and diet of ASD children as modifiable risk factors at the base of development or worsening of symptoms of autism.
自闭症儿童的特征是社交互动障碍和行为重复模式。自闭症是一种具有未知病因的异质性疾病。研究有了显著的发展，并表明产前时期的环境风险因素可能会影响后代的神经发育。文献表明，孕妇的饮食在自闭症的发病机制中起着重要作用。事实上，某些营养物质含量高的孕妇饮食与自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）风险的增加或降低有关。自闭症儿童的饮食也是自闭症症状恶化的一个关键因素。自闭症儿童由于食物的气味、味道或其他特性，对食物有选择性，饮食也有限制。这决定了饮食常规和食物摄入模式，从而导致某些食物的缺乏或过量。有几项研究试图表明营养状况与自闭症之间可能存在联系。在这篇综述中，我们描述了强调限制和益处的主要当前实证研究，这些研究检查了孕妇在妊娠期间的饮食和自闭症儿童的饮食作为自闭症发展或症状恶化的基础上的可改变风险因素的作用。
