Université de Nantes, Microbiotas Hosts Antibiotics and bacterial Resistances (MiHAR), Nantes, 44000, France.
Biotechnology Institute, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, 55108, USA.
Sci Rep. 2018 Apr 18;8(1):6219. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-24342-x.
Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is now widely used to treat recurrent Clostridium difficile infection, but has been less studied as a means to restore microbiome diversity and composition following antibiotic or chemotherapy treatments. The purpose of our study was to assess the efficacy of FMT to reverse antibiotic- and chemotherapy-induced gut dysbiosis in a mouse model. C57BL/6J mice were treated with ampicillin for 1 week and/or received a single intraperitoneal injection of 5-Fluorouracil. Fresh stool was collected and analyzed using shotgun metagenomics and the Illumina sequencing platform. Ampicillin caused a significant and immediate decrease in bacterial species richness and diversity that persisted for one week. In mice that received FMT, disruption of the intestinal microbiota was reversed immediately. Antibiotic and chemotherapy administration caused significant alteration in species distribution, including a decrease in the relative proportions of Clostridium scindens and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, and an increase in known pathogenic species. In mice receiving FMT, we observed a significant increase in species known to exhibit anti-inflammatory properties. Moreover, chemotherapy led to a critical decrease in key 'health-promoting' species and to an altered functional profile, especially when chemotherapy was administered in tandem with antibiotics, and that FMT can ameliorate these effects.
粪便微生物群移植（FMT）现在被广泛用于治疗复发性艰难梭菌感染，但作为一种在抗生素或化疗治疗后恢复微生物多样性和组成的方法，其研究较少。我们的研究目的是评估 FMT 在小鼠模型中逆转抗生素和化疗引起的肠道菌群失调的疗效。C57BL/6J 小鼠用氨苄青霉素治疗 1 周，或单次腹腔注射 5-氟尿嘧啶。使用 shotgun 宏基因组学和 Illumina 测序平台收集和分析新鲜粪便。氨苄青霉素导致细菌物种丰富度和多样性显著且立即下降，并持续了一周。在接受 FMT 的小鼠中，肠道微生物群的破坏立即得到逆转。抗生素和化疗给药导致物种分布发生显著改变，包括梭状芽胞杆菌和普拉梭菌相对比例的减少，以及已知致病性物种的增加。在接受 FMT 的小鼠中，我们观察到具有抗炎特性的已知物种的比例显著增加。此外，化疗导致关键的“促进健康”物种数量减少和功能谱改变，尤其是当化疗与抗生素联合使用时，而 FMT 可以改善这些影响。
