McKoon G, Ratcliff R
Psychology Department, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60201.
J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn. 1988 Apr;14(2):331-43. doi: 10.1037//0278-7393.14.2.331.
A series of six experiments investigated whether inferences about contextually relevant aspects of meaning were encoded into memory during reading. In all the experiments, subjects studied short paragraphs. Then, test sentences were presented that expressed relevant aspects of meaning that had not been explicitly stated in the paragraphs. For example, for a paragraph about searching for the correct color to paint a picture of a tomato, a relevant aspect of meaning would be that tomatoes are red. The test sentences were presented either immediately following the relevant paragraph or after a delay. With immediate testing, it was argued that the facilitation obtained in verification latency could result from processes occurring either when the context was read or when the test sentence was verified. With delayed testing, evidence was found to support the hypothesis that contextually relevant aspects of meaning are incorporated into the memory representation of the paragraph, but such evidence was obtained only when the retrieval environment encouraged the use of newly learned information in the decision process on the test sentence.
一系列六个实验研究了在阅读过程中，关于上下文相关意义方面的推理是否会被编码到记忆中。在所有实验中，受试者阅读简短的段落。然后，呈现测试句子，这些句子表达了段落中未明确陈述的相关意义方面。例如，对于一段关于寻找正确颜色来绘制西红柿图片的段落，一个相关的意义方面是西红柿是红色的。测试句子要么在相关段落之后立即呈现，要么在延迟后呈现。在立即测试的情况下，有人认为在验证潜伏期获得的促进作用可能是由于在阅读上下文时或验证测试句子时发生的过程导致的。在延迟测试中，发现有证据支持这样的假设，即上下文相关的意义方面被纳入到段落的记忆表征中，但只有当检索环境鼓励在对测试句子的决策过程中使用新学到的信息时，才会获得这样的证据。
