Glucksberg S, Estes Z
Department of Psychology, Princeton University, NJ 08544, USA.
Psychon Bull Rev. 2000 Sep;7(3):510-5. doi: 10.3758/bf03214364.
In conceptual combinations such as peeled apples, two kinds of features are potentially accessible: phrase features and noun features. Phrase features are true only of the phrase (e.g., "white"), whereas noun features are true of both the phrase and the head noun (e.g., "round"). When people comprehend such combinations, phrase features are verified more quickly and more accurately than noun features. We examine relevance as an explanation for this phrase feature superiority. If relevance is the critical factor, then contexts that explicitly make noun features relevant and phrase features irrelevant should reverse the phrase feature superiority (i.e., they should make noun features easier to verify than phrase features). Consistent with the relevance hypothesis, brief contexts that made noun features relevant also made those noun features more accessible than phrase features, and vice versa. We conclude that the phrase feature superiority effect is attributable to the discourse strategy of assigning relevance to modifiers in combinations, unless a context indicates otherwise.
在诸如“削了皮的苹果”这样的概念组合中，有两种特征可能会被激活：短语特征和名词特征。短语特征仅适用于该短语（例如，“白色的”），而名词特征则适用于该短语和中心名词两者（例如，“圆的”）。当人们理解这类组合时，验证短语特征比验证名词特征更快、更准确。我们将关联性作为对此种短语特征优势的一种解释进行研究。如果关联性是关键因素，那么明确使名词特征具有关联性而使短语特征不具有关联性的语境应该会逆转短语特征优势（也就是说，它们应该会使名词特征比短语特征更容易验证）。与关联性假设一致，使名词特征具有关联性的简短语境也使得那些名词特征比短语特征更容易被激活，反之亦然。我们得出结论，短语特征优势效应归因于在组合中为修饰词赋予关联性的语篇策略，除非语境另有指示。
