a College of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou , China.
b School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology , Zhenjiang , China.
Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2019;59(15):2423-2441. doi: 10.1080/10408398.2018.1455030. Epub 2018 Dec 3.
Microalgae have been considered as alternative sustainable resources for high-value bioproducts such as lipids (especially triacylglycerides [TAGs]), polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), and carotenoids, due to their relatively high photosynthetic efficiency, no arable land requirement, and ease of scale-up. It is of great significance to exploit microalgae for the production of high-value bioproducts. How to improve the content or productivity of specific bioproducts has become one of the most urgent challenges. In this review, we will describe high-value bioproducts from microalgae and their biosynthetic pathways (mainly for lipids, PUFAs, and carotenoids). Recent progress and strategies for the enhanced production of bioproducts from microalgae are also described in detail, and these strategies take advantages of optimized cultivation conditions with abiotic stress, chemical stress (addition of metabolic precursors, phytohormones, chemical inhibitors, and chemicals inducing oxidative stress response), and molecular approaches such as metabolic engineering, transcriptional engineering, and gene disruption strategies (mainly RNAi, antisense RNA, miRNA-based knockdown, and CRISPR/Cas9).
微藻被认为是高价值生物制品（如脂质（特别是三酰基甘油 [TAGs]）、多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFAs）和类胡萝卜素）的替代可持续资源，因为它们具有相对较高的光合作用效率、不需要耕地和易于扩大规模。开发微藻生产高价值生物制品具有重要意义。如何提高特定生物制品的含量或产量已成为最紧迫的挑战之一。在这篇综述中，我们将描述微藻中的高价值生物制品及其生物合成途径（主要是脂质、PUFAs 和类胡萝卜素）。还详细描述了微藻生物制品生产的增强的最新进展和策略，这些策略利用优化的培养条件和非生物胁迫、化学胁迫（添加代谢前体、植物激素、化学抑制剂和诱导氧化应激反应的化学品）以及代谢工程、转录工程和基因敲除策略等分子方法（主要是 RNAi、反义 RNA、基于 miRNA 的敲低和 CRISPR/Cas9）。
