Health and Exercise Science Laboratory, Institute of Sports Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Sports and Health Care Major, College of Humanities and Arts, Korea National University of Transportation, 50 Daehak-ro, Chungju-si, Chungbuk, 380-702, Republic of Korea.
Aging Clin Exp Res. 2019 Feb;31(2):249-255. doi: 10.1007/s40520-018-0951-8. Epub 2018 Apr 20.
Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) is a structured program for the prevention of secondary cardiovascular disease (CVD) and related diseases, such as hypertension, diabetes, and obesity. This study aimed to investigate whether there are gender differences after 9 months of home-based cardiac rehabilitation program in post-percutaneous coronary intervention patients. A total of 114 (58.29 ± 10.33 years) men and 30 (60.90 ± 9.32 years) women were enrolled in the CR program. The program included three visits: initial, 4th month (follow-up), and 9th month (final) visits at a CR center. The CR program included exercise and nutrition counseling. In nutrition counseling, a professional nutritionist educated the patients on how to organize the menu, incorporating an optimal caloric, low-salt, and low-cholesterol diet. Exercise was performed 30 min per session for more than 3 days per week with a target heart rate within 40-75% of the peak heart rate-resting heart rate (VO reserve; VOR) during intense exercise, which was based on ECG treadmill test. After 9 months, there was no significant difference in terms of dropout rate between men and women (p < 0.05). No significant changes were found in the anthropometric and lipid profiles in women, whereas the HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) was significantly increased to 6.8% (p = 0.005) in men. The findings of our study showed that there was no difference in the CR participation rate between men and women. Moreover, there was an increase in HDL-C levels and an improvement in cardiorespiratory endurance, strength, and agility in men, whereas no significant difference in most risk factors and fitness variables was found in women. Thus, the 9-month home-based CR program was more effective for fitness in men, but only the HDL-C showed positive improvement among the cardiovascular risk factors. In women, 6-min walk and timed up and go were effective exercises.
心脏康复（CR）是预防二级心血管疾病（CVD）和相关疾病（如高血压、糖尿病和肥胖症）的结构化方案。本研究旨在探讨经皮冠状动脉介入治疗后 9 个月的家庭心脏康复计划是否存在性别差异。共有 114 名（58.29±10.33 岁）男性和 30 名（60.90±9.32 岁）女性参加了心脏康复计划。该计划包括三次访问：在心脏康复中心进行初始、第 4 个月（随访）和第 9 个月（最终）访问。心脏康复计划包括运动和营养咨询。在营养咨询中，专业营养师教育患者如何组织菜单，包括最佳热量、低盐和低胆固醇饮食。运动每次 30 分钟，每周超过 3 天，剧烈运动时的目标心率为峰值心率-静息心率（VO 储备；VOR）的 40-75%，这是基于心电图跑步机测试。9 个月后，男性和女性的脱落率没有显著差异（p<0.05）。女性的人体测量和血脂谱没有显著变化，而男性的高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）显著增加 6.8%（p=0.005）。我们的研究结果表明，男性和女性的心脏康复参与率没有差异。此外，男性的 HDL-C 水平升高，心肺耐力、力量和敏捷度提高，而女性的大多数风险因素和健康变量没有显著差异。因此，9 个月的家庭心脏康复计划对男性的健康更有效，但只有 HDL-C 显示心血管风险因素有积极改善。在女性中，6 分钟步行和计时上下楼梯是有效的锻炼。
