Department of Psychotherapy and Biopsychosocial Health, Danube-University Krems, Austria; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, University Regensburg, Germany.
Department of Psychotherapy and Biopsychosocial Health, Danube-University Krems, Austria.
Sleep Med. 2018 May;45:74-79. doi: 10.1016/j.sleep.2017.12.014. Epub 2018 Feb 13.
Although night-shift work (NSW) is associated with a higher risk for several physical and mental disorders, the impact of NSW on pain perception is still unclear. This study investigates the impact of NSW on cold pain perception considering the impact of mood and sleepiness.
Quantitative sensory testing (QST) was performed in healthy night-shift workers. Cold pain threshold as well as tonic cold pain was assessed after one habitual night (T1), after a 12-hour NSW (T2) and after one recovery night (T3). Sleep quality was measured with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) before T1, sleepiness with the Stanford Sleepiness Scale (SSS) and mood with a German short-version of the Profile of Mood States (ASTS) at T1, T2 and T3. Depending on the distribution of the data, ANOVAs or Friedman tests as well as t- or Wilcoxon tests were performed.
Nineteen healthy shift-workers (13 females; 29.7 ± 7.5 years old; 8.1 ± 6.6 years in shift work, PSQI: 4.7 ± 2.2) were included. Tonic cold pain showed a significant difference between T1 (48.2 ± 27.5 mm), T2 (61.7 ± 26.6 mm; effect size: Cohen's d=.49; percent change 28%), and T3 (52.1 ± 28.7 mm) on a 0-100 mm Visual Analog Scale (p = 0.007). Cold pain threshold changed from 11.0 ± 7.9 °C (T1) to 14.5 ± 8.8 °C (T2) (p = 0.04), however, an ANOVA comparing T1, T2, and T3 was not significant (p = 0.095). Sleepiness (SSS) and mood (ASTS) changed significantly between T1, T2 and T3 (p-values < 0.01). The change of mood but not of sleepiness correlated with the difference in tonic cold pain from T1 to T2 (R: 0.53; R: 0.29; p = 0.022).
NSW increases cold pain perception. The same tonic cold pain stimulus is rated 28% more painful after NSW and normalizes after a recovery night. Increases in cold pain perception due to NSW appear to be more strongly related to changes in mood as compared to changes in sleepiness.
尽管夜班工作（NSW）与多种身心障碍的风险增加有关，但 NSW 对疼痛感知的影响仍不清楚。本研究考虑到情绪和困倦的影响，调查了 NSW 对冷痛感知的影响。
对健康的夜班工人进行定量感觉测试（QST）。在一个习惯性的夜晚（T1）后、进行 12 小时的 NSW 后（T2）和一个恢复性夜晚（T3）后，评估冷痛阈值和冷痛强直。在 T1 之前使用匹兹堡睡眠质量指数（PSQI）测量睡眠质量，在 T1、T2 和 T3 时使用斯坦福嗜睡量表（SSS）测量嗜睡程度，使用德国短版心境状态问卷（ASTS）测量情绪。根据数据的分布，进行 ANOVA 或 Friedman 检验以及 t 检验或 Wilcoxon 检验。
共纳入 19 名健康的轮班工人（13 名女性；年龄 29.7±7.5 岁；8.1±6.6 年轮班工作，PSQI：4.7±2.2）。强直冷痛在 T1（48.2±27.5mm）、T2（61.7±26.6mm；效应大小：Cohen's d=0.49；百分比变化 28%）和 T3（52.1±28.7mm）之间存在显著差异（p=0.007）。冷痛阈值从 T1（11.0±7.9°C）变为 T2（14.5±8.8°C）（p=0.04），但 T1、T2 和 T3 之间的 ANOVA 不显著（p=0.095）。T1、T2 和 T3 之间的嗜睡（SSS）和情绪（ASTS）均发生显著变化（p 值<0.01）。情绪变化而非睡眠变化与 T1 到 T2 的强直冷痛差异相关（R：0.53；R：0.29；p=0.022）。
NSW 增加了冷痛感知。同样的强直冷痛刺激在 NSW 后被评为更痛 28%，在恢复性夜晚后恢复正常。由于 NSW 引起的冷痛感知增加似乎与情绪变化的关系比与睡眠变化的关系更密切。
