School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria 3086, Australia; Judith Lumley Centre, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria 3086, Australia.
Judith Lumley Centre, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria 3086, Australia.
Women Birth. 2019 Feb;32(1):28-38. doi: 10.1016/j.wombi.2018.03.004. Epub 2018 Apr 22.
The pain experience associated with labour is complex. Literature indicates psychosocial and environmental determinants of labour pain, and yet methods to support women usually target physiological attributes via pharmacological interventions.
To provide an update of our understanding of labour pain based on modern pain science. The review aims to help explain why women can experience labour pain so differently - why some cope well, whilst others experience great suffering. This understanding is pertinent to providing optimal support to women in labour.
A literature search was conducted in databases Medline, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature and PsycINFO, using search terms labor/labour, childbirth, pain, experience and perception. Thirty-one papers were selected for inclusion.
Labour pain is a highly individual experience. It is a challenging, emotional and meaningful pain and is very different from other types of pain. Key determinants and influences of labour pain were identified and grouped into cognitive, social and environmental factors.
If a woman can sustain the belief that her pain is purposeful (i.e. her body working to birth her baby), if she interprets her pain as productive (i.e. taking her through a process to a desired goal) and the birthing environment is safe and supportive, it would be expected she would experience the pain as a non-threatening, transformative life event. Changing the conceptualisation of labour pain to a purposeful and productive pain may be one step to improving women's experiences of it, and reducing their need for pain interventions.
分娩相关的疼痛体验十分复杂。文献表明，分娩疼痛受到心理社会和环境因素的影响，但支持产妇的方法通常通过药物干预来针对生理特征。
基于现代疼痛科学，提供对分娩疼痛的最新认识。该综述旨在帮助解释为什么女性会经历如此不同的分娩疼痛——为什么有些女性应对得很好，而有些女性则经历了巨大的痛苦。这种理解对于为分娩中的女性提供最佳支持至关重要。
在 Medline、Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature 和 PsycINFO 数据库中使用“labor/labour、childbirth、pain、experience 和 perception”等检索词进行文献检索，共选择了 31 篇论文进行纳入。
分娩疼痛是一种高度个体化的体验。它是一种具有挑战性、情感性和意义重大的疼痛，与其他类型的疼痛非常不同。确定并将分娩疼痛的关键决定因素和影响因素分为认知、社会和环境因素。
如果女性能够坚信她的疼痛是有目的的（即她的身体正在努力分娩她的孩子），如果她将疼痛解释为有成效的（即她正在经历一个过程以达到期望的目标），并且分娩环境是安全和支持性的，那么她将很可能将疼痛视为非威胁性的、改变生活的事件。将分娩疼痛的概念从有目的和有成效的疼痛转变，可能是改善女性体验并减少对疼痛干预需求的一步。
