Center for Injury Research and Policy, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio.
Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey.
Pediatrics. 2018 May;141(5). doi: 10.1542/peds.2017-3361.
To investigate exposures to liquid nicotine (including electronic cigarette devices and liquids) among children <6 years old in the United States and evaluate the impact of legislation requiring child-resistant packaging for liquid nicotine containers.
Liquid nicotine exposure data from the National Poison Data System for January 2012 through April 2017 were analyzed.
There were 8269 liquid nicotine exposures among children <6 years old reported to US poison control centers during the study period. Most (92.5%) children were exposed through ingestion and 83.9% were children <3 years old. Among children exposed to liquid nicotine, 35.1% were treated and released from a health care facility, and 1.4% were admitted. The annual exposure rate per 100 000 children increased by 1398.2% from 0.7 in 2012 to 10.4 in 2015, and subsequently decreased by 19.8% from 2015 to 8.3 in 2016. Among states without a preexisting law requiring child-resistant packaging for liquid nicotine containers, there was a significant decrease in the mean number of exposures during the 9 months before compared with the 9 months after the federal child-resistant packaging law went into effect, averaging 4.4 (95% confidence interval: -7.1 to -1.7) fewer exposures per state after implementation of the law.
Pediatric exposures to liquid nicotine have decreased since January 2015, which may, in part, be attributable to legislation requiring child-resistant packaging and greater public awareness of risks associated with electronic cigarette products. Liquid nicotine continues to pose a serious risk for young children. Additional regulation of these products is warranted.
调查美国 6 岁以下儿童接触液体尼古丁（包括电子烟装置和液体）的情况，并评估要求液体尼古丁容器采用儿童防护包装的立法的影响。
对 2012 年 1 月至 2017 年 4 月期间美国中毒控制中心报告的液体尼古丁暴露数据进行分析。
在研究期间，向美国中毒控制中心报告了 8269 例 6 岁以下儿童接触液体尼古丁的事件。大多数（92.5%）儿童是通过摄入接触的，83.9%的儿童年龄在 3 岁以下。在接触液体尼古丁的儿童中，35.1%在医疗机构接受治疗后出院，1.4%住院。儿童接触液体尼古丁的年暴露率从 2012 年的 0.7 例/10 万增加到 2015 年的 10.4 例/10 万，增加了 1398.2%，随后从 2015 年的 10.4 例/10 万下降到 2016 年的 8.3 例/10 万，下降了 19.8%。在没有预先制定要求液体尼古丁容器采用儿童防护包装的州，在联邦儿童防护包装法生效前后的 9 个月内，暴露的平均数量显著减少，在该法生效后，每个州平均减少 4.4（95%置信区间：-7.1 至-1.7）例暴露。
自 2015 年 1 月以来，儿童接触液体尼古丁的情况有所减少，这可能部分归因于要求采用儿童防护包装的立法以及公众对电子烟产品相关风险的认识提高。液体尼古丁仍然对幼儿构成严重风险。有必要对这些产品进行进一步监管。
