a Department of Emergency Medicine , Oregon Health and Science University , Portland , OR , USA.
b Oregon Poison Center , Portland , OR , USA.
Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2019 Apr;57(4):287-293. doi: 10.1080/15563650.2018.1510503. Epub 2018 Oct 11.
E-cigarettes are battery-powered electronic nicotine delivery systems that simulate smoking by vaporizing nicotine-containing solutions. Systematic published data on e-liquid toxicity and exposures are limited to case reports and retrospective studies. Prospectively-collected data on the type of exposure, symptomatology, duration of symptoms, and concentration/flavor of e-fluids has not been published.
This was a prospective observational study over a 42-month period (07/01/2014-12/31/2017). For all calls to a single poison center that involved e-cigarette devices or refill fluid, a data collection instrument was filled out by the specialist in poison information (SPI).
Two hundred sixty-five total cases were identified, including 193 children and 72 adults. The majority of both pediatric (72%; 139/193) and adult (61%; n = 44/72) exposures involved e-liquid refill containers or fluid. Fifty-six percent (n = 108/193) of pediatric exposures involved ingestion of refill liquid. Though children who ingested e-liquid received only a small amount, initial symptoms were evident in 32% (n = 35/108) of cases. Children who did not ingest or inhale the products were less likely to develop toxicity. Only 2 children who were asymptomatic on initial call became symptomatic on follow-up. Most patients symptoms resolved within 4 hours. Seventy-one specific products/brands were identified with nicotine concentrations ranging from 0 mg/mL to 60 mg/mL with one product containing 3000 mg in a single bottle. A variety of flavors were identified, including several with names that may be attractive to toddlers or adolescents.
E-cig exposures tend to produce irritant effects from topical exposures and nicotine toxicity from ingestions, as well as some dermal and "sucking" toddler exposures.
Exposure to e-cig fluid or device frequently causes mild symptoms and rarely may produce systemic nicotine toxicity.
电子烟是一种由电池供电的电子尼古丁输送系统，通过蒸发含有尼古丁的溶液来模拟吸烟。关于电子烟液毒性和暴露的系统发表数据仅限于病例报告和回顾性研究。关于暴露类型、症状、症状持续时间以及电子烟液的浓度/口味的前瞻性收集数据尚未发表。
这是一项为期 42 个月的前瞻性观察研究（2014 年 7 月 1 日-2017 年 12 月 31 日）。对于所有拨打单一毒物中心的电话，涉及电子烟设备或补充液，毒物信息专家（SPI）都会填写一份数据收集表。
共确定了 265 例病例，包括 193 例儿童和 72 例成人。大多数儿科（72%；139/193）和成人（61%；n=44/72）暴露涉及电子烟液补充容器或液体。56%（n=108/193）的儿科暴露涉及摄入补充液。尽管摄入电子烟液的儿童仅摄入少量液体，但 32%（n=35/108）的病例出现了初始症状。未摄入或吸入产品的儿童发生毒性的可能性较小。只有 2 名在初次就诊时无症状的儿童在随访中出现症状。大多数患者的症状在 4 小时内得到缓解。共鉴定出 71 种特定产品/品牌，尼古丁浓度范围从 0mg/mL 到 60mg/mL，其中一种产品在单个瓶子中含有 3000mg。确定了多种口味，包括几种可能对幼儿或青少年有吸引力的名称。
电子烟暴露往往会产生局部暴露的刺激性影响和摄入引起的尼古丁毒性，以及一些皮肤和“吮吸”幼儿暴露。
电子烟液或设备的暴露经常会引起轻微症状，很少会产生全身性尼古丁毒性。
