能够在长期极端温度变化后生长的非嗜冷产甲烷菌及其在火星上的应用
Non-Psychrophilic Methanogens Capable of Growth Following Long-Term Extreme Temperature Changes, with Application to Mars.
作者信息
Mickol Rebecca L, Laird Sarah K, Kral Timothy A
机构信息
Arkansas Center for Space and Planetary Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA.
American Society for Engineering Education, Washington, DC 20036, USA.
出版信息
Microorganisms. 2018 Apr 23;6(2):34. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms6020034.
Although the martian environment is currently cold and dry, geomorphological features on the surface of the planet indicate relatively recent (<4 My) freeze/thaw episodes. Additionally, the recent detections of near-subsurface ice as well as hydrated salts within recurring slope lineae suggest potentially habitable micro-environments within the martian subsurface. On Earth, microbial communities are often active at sub-freezing temperatures within permafrost, especially within the active layer, which experiences large ranges in temperature. With warming global temperatures, the effect of thawing permafrost communities on the release of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide and methane becomes increasingly important. Studies examining the community structure and activity of microbial permafrost communities on Earth can also be related to martian permafrost environments, should life have developed on the planet. Here, two non-psychrophilic methanogens, and , were tested for their ability to survive long-term (~4 year) exposure to freeze/thaw cycles varying in both temperature and duration, with implications both for climate change on Earth and possible life on Mars.
尽管火星环境目前寒冷干燥,但该行星表面的地貌特征表明相对近期(<400万年)存在冻融事件。此外,最近在反复出现的斜坡纹线内检测到近地表冰以及水合盐,这表明火星地下可能存在适宜居住的微环境。在地球上,微生物群落通常在永久冻土内的亚冰点温度下活跃,尤其是在温度变化范围很大的活动层内。随着全球气温变暖,永久冻土群落融化对二氧化碳和甲烷等温室气体释放的影响变得越来越重要。如果火星上有生命存在,研究地球上微生物永久冻土群落的群落结构和活动也可以与火星永久冻土环境相关联。在此,对两种非嗜冷产甲烷菌进行了测试,以考察它们在长期(约4年)暴露于温度和持续时间各异的冻融循环中的生存能力,并探讨这对地球气候变化和火星上可能存在的生命的意义。
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