Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.
Orthopedic Department, Centro Hospitalar do Alto Ave, Guimarães, Portugal.
Adv Exp Med Biol. 2018;1058:391-413. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-76711-6_18.
Osteochondral lesions are frequent and important causes of pain and disability. These lesions are induced by traumatic injuries or by diseases that affect both the cartilage surface and the subchondral bone. Due to the limited cartilage ability to regenerate and self-repair, these lesions tend to gradually worsen and progress towards osteoarthritis. The clinical, social, and economic impact of the osteochondral lesions is impressive and although therapeutic alternatives are under discussion, a consensus is not yet been achieved. Over the previous decade, new strategies based on innovative tissue engineering approaches have been developed with promising results. However, in order those products reach the market and help the actual patient in an effective manner, there is still a lot of work to be done. The current state of the implications, clinical aspects, and available treatments for this pathology, as well as the ongoing preclinical and clinical trials are presented in this chapter.
骨软骨损伤是引起疼痛和功能障碍的常见且重要的原因。这些损伤是由创伤性损伤或影响软骨表面和软骨下骨的疾病引起的。由于软骨再生和自我修复的能力有限，这些损伤往往会逐渐恶化，并向骨关节炎发展。骨软骨损伤的临床、社会和经济影响是巨大的，尽管治疗方法正在讨论中，但尚未达成共识。在过去的十年中，基于创新组织工程方法的新策略已经得到了发展，并取得了有希望的结果。然而，为了使这些产品能够进入市场并以有效的方式帮助实际患者，仍有大量工作要做。本章介绍了该病理学的影响、临床方面和现有治疗方法，以及正在进行的临床前和临床试验。
