3B's Research Group-Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Avepark, Zona Industrial da Gandra, Barco, Guimarães, 4805-017, Portugal.
ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
Adv Exp Med Biol. 2018;1058:305-325. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-76711-6_14.
Osteochondral lesions treatment and regeneration demands biomimetic strategies aiming physicochemical and biological properties of both bone and cartilage tissues, with long-term clinical outcomes. Hydrogels and scaffolds appeared as assertive approaches to guide the development and structure of the new osteochondral engineered tissue. Moreover, these structures alone or in combination with cells and bioactive molecules bring the mechanical support after in vitro and in vivo implantation. Moreover, multilayered structures designed with continuous interfaces furnish appropriate features of the cartilage and subchondral regions, namely microstructure, composition, and mechanical properties. Owing the potential as scaffolding materials, natural and synthetic polymers, bioceramics, and composites have been employed. Particularly, significance is attributed to the natural-based biopolymer silk fibroin from the Bombyx mori silkworm, considering its unique mechanical and biological properties. The significant studies on silk fibroin-based structures, namely hydrogels and scaffolds, towards bone, cartilage, and osteochondral tissue repair and regeneration are overviewed herein. The developed biomimetic strategies, processing methodologies, and final properties of the structures are summarized and discussed in depth.
骨软骨病变的治疗和再生需要仿生策略，以达到骨和软骨组织的物理化学和生物学特性，并具有长期的临床效果。水凝胶和支架作为有前途的方法，可以引导新的骨软骨工程组织的发育和结构。此外，这些结构单独或与细胞和生物活性分子结合，在体外和体内植入后提供机械支撑。此外，设计具有连续界面的多层结构提供了软骨和软骨下区域的适当特征，即微观结构、组成和机械性能。由于作为支架材料的潜力，天然和合成聚合物、生物陶瓷和复合材料已经得到了应用。特别是，来自家蚕的天然生物聚合物丝素由于其独特的机械和生物学特性而受到重视。本文综述了丝素基结构（即水凝胶和支架）在骨、软骨和骨软骨组织修复和再生方面的重要研究。总结并深入讨论了所开发的仿生策略、加工方法和结构的最终性能。
