Department of Pharmaceutical Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
Anticancer Agents Med Chem. 2019;19(1):17-28. doi: 10.2174/1871520618666180420170124.
The era of chemotherapy began in the 1940s, but it was in the 1960s that it was seen as really promising when the first patients with childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia were cured with combination chemotherapy. Today, it is known that due to resistance to single agents, combination therapy is essential for tumor eradication and cure. In the last decade, studies have shown that anticancer drug combinations can act synergistically or antagonistically against tumor cells , depending on the ratios of the individual drugs forming the combination. From this observation and facing the possibility of maintaining the synergistic ratio of combinations came the idea of co-encapsulating anticancer agents in nanosystems. studies validated this idea by showing that the co-encapsulation of anticancer agents in liposomes allows the maintenance of drug ratios in the plasma and the delivery of fixed drug ratios directly to tumor tissue, leading to a better efficacy compared to the administration of the free drugs combination. Liposomes co-encapsulating irinotecan/floxuridine are now in Phase II trial, and liposomes co-encapsulating cytarabine/daunorubicin were recently approved by the FDA for treatment of patients with acute myeloid leukemia.
化疗时代始于 20 世纪 40 年代，但直到 20 世纪 60 年代，当第一批儿童急性淋巴细胞白血病患者通过联合化疗治愈时，它才被认为具有真正的前景。如今，人们已经认识到，由于对单药的耐药性，联合治疗对于肿瘤的根除和治愈至关重要。在过去的十年中，研究表明，抗癌药物组合可以通过组合中各个药物的比例协同或拮抗作用于肿瘤细胞。从这一观察结果出发，并考虑到维持组合协同比的可能性，人们想到了将抗癌药物共同包封在纳米系统中。研究通过证明将抗癌药物共同包封在脂质体中可以在血浆中维持药物比例，并将固定的药物比例直接递送到肿瘤组织，从而与联合使用游离药物相比，提高了疗效，验证了这一想法。共同包封伊立替康/氟尿苷的脂质体目前正在进行 II 期临床试验，而共同包封阿糖胞苷/柔红霉素的脂质体最近已被 FDA 批准用于治疗急性髓细胞性白血病患者。
